Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hyowdʰéyeti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *Hyewdʰ- (“to move”) +‎ *-éyeti (causative suffix).

Verb

*Hyowdʰéyeti^[1]

to cause to move, become agitated

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*Hyowdʰéyeti
3rd plural	*Hyowdʰéyonti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*Hyowdʰéyoh₂	*Hyowdʰéyom	—	*Hyowdʰéyōh₂	*Hyowdʰéyoyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*Hyowdʰéyesi	*Hyowdʰéyes	*Hyowdʰéye	*Hyowdʰéyēsi	*Hyowdʰéyoys
3rd singular	*Hyowdʰéyeti	*Hyowdʰéyet	*Hyowdʰéyetu	*Hyowdʰéyēti	*Hyowdʰéyoyt
1st dual	*Hyowdʰéyowos	*Hyowdʰéyowe	—	*Hyowdʰéyōwos	*Hyowdʰéyoywe
2nd dual	*Hyowdʰéyetes	*Hyowdʰéyetom	*Hyowdʰéyetom	*Hyowdʰéyētes	*Hyowdʰéyoytom
3rd dual	*Hyowdʰéyetes	*Hyowdʰéyetām	*Hyowdʰéyetām	*Hyowdʰéyētes	*Hyowdʰéyoytām
1st plural	*Hyowdʰéyomos	*Hyowdʰéyome	—	*Hyowdʰéyōmos	*Hyowdʰéyoyme
2nd plural	*Hyowdʰéyete	*Hyowdʰéyete	*Hyowdʰéyete	*Hyowdʰéyēte	*Hyowdʰéyoyte
3rd plural	*Hyowdʰéyonti	*Hyowdʰéyont	*Hyowdʰéyontu	*Hyowdʰéyōnti	*Hyowdʰéyoyh₁n̥t

Participle	*Hyowdʰéyonts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*Hyowdʰéyoh₂er	*Hyowdʰéyoh₂e	—	*Hyowdʰéyōh₂er	*Hyowdʰéyoyh₂e
2nd singular	*Hyowdʰéyeth₂er	*Hyowdʰéyeth₂e	*Hyowdʰéyeso	*Hyowdʰéyēth₂er	*Hyowdʰéyoyth₂e
3rd singular	*Hyowdʰéyetor	*Hyowdʰéyeto	*?	*Hyowdʰéyētor	Hyowdʰéyoyto, Hyowdʰéyoyh₁o
1st dual	*Hyowdʰéyowosdʰh₂	*Hyowdʰéyowedʰh₂	—	*Hyowdʰéyōwosdʰh₂	*Hyowdʰéyoywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*Hyowdʰéyomosdʰh₂	*Hyowdʰéyomedʰh₂	—	*Hyowdʰéyōmosdʰh₂	*Hyowdʰéyoymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*Hyowdʰéyedʰh₂we	*Hyowdʰéyedʰh₂we	*Hyowdʰéyedʰh₂we	*Hyowdʰéyēdʰh₂we	*Hyowdʰéyoydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*Hyowdʰéyontor	*Hyowdʰéyonto	*?	*Hyowdʰéyōntor	*Hyowdʰéyoyro

Participle	*Hyowdʰéyomnos

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyawdʰáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyawdʰáyati
  - Sanskrit: योधयति (yodháyati)
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Bactrian: ιωλ- (iōl-, “to fight”)^[2]
Proto-Italic: *jouðeō (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jaudīˀtei
- Lithuanian: judėti, judinti, jundù
- Proto-Slavic: *jùditi (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hi̯eu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 225: “*Hi̯ou̯dʰ-éi̯e-”
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*Hi̯eu̯dʰ-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hi̯eu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 225: “*Hi̯ou̯dʰ-éi̯e-”

[2] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*Hi̯eu̯dʰ-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

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