Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰelǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰelǵ-^{[note 1]}

to balk, beam

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵ- (4 c, 0 e)

*bʰélǵ-mn̥ ~ *bʰl̥ǵ-mén-s
- Proto-Italic: *flagmen
  - Latin: *flāmen ⇒ *sub-flāmen (“brake”)
*bʰélǵ-ō, *bʰólǵ-ō
- >? Proto-Germanic: *belkô, *balkô, *balkuz^{[note 2]} (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *bliga
  - Albanian: bligë
- >? Ancient Greek: φᾰ́λᾰγξ (phắlănx)^{[note 3]} (see there for further descendants)

variant *bʰelḱ-?^[1]^{[note 1]}

*bʰl̥ḱ-yé-ti
- Proto-Italic: *folkjō
  - Latin: fulciō (“to prop up, support”) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰl̥ḱ-eh₂-
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰə́lkās
  - >? Ancient Greek: φάλκης (phálkēs, “rib of a ship? (= beam, crossbar?); *gunwale”)^{[note 3]} (see there for further descendants)

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Palatovelar assumed based on purported connection to the Balto-Slavic words that are more accurately from *bʰelǵʰ- (see note 2).
^ Alternatively from *bʰelǵʰ- with devoicing due to Kluge's law followed by degemination (cf. Kroonen (2013)); this is preferred based on nouns in Balto-Slavic, listed at *bʰelǵʰ-, which have similar meanings but do not display the effects of Winter's law that would be expected from *bʰelǵ-.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Almost certainly of Pre-Greek origin rather than inherited (Beekes (2010)). Relation to the other words would require a widespread substrate family of words or a wanderwort; compare Sanskrit फलक (phálaka).

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*bʰelk- ‘stützen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 74

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “5. bhel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 122–123
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φάλαγξ, -αγγος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1548–1549
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*belkan- ~ *balkan- ~ *bulkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 58

[note1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Palatovelar assumed based on purported connection to the Balto-Slavic words that are more accurately from *bʰelǵʰ- (see note 2).

[note2-2] Alternatively from *bʰelǵʰ- with devoicing due to Kluge's law followed by degemination (cf. Kroonen (2013)); this is preferred based on nouns in Balto-Slavic, listed at *bʰelǵʰ-, which have similar meanings but do not display the effects of Winter's law that would be expected from *bʰelǵ-.

[note3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Almost certainly of Pre-Greek origin rather than inherited (Beekes (2010)). Relation to the other words would require a widespread substrate family of words or a wanderwort; compare Sanskrit फलक (phálaka).

[LIV-4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*bʰelk- ‘stützen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 74

[note 1]

[note 2]

[note 3]

[1]

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

Notes

References

Further reading