fulcio

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”). De Vaan, however, doubts the possibility of a semantic connection between the Latin term, meaning "to support," and the Proto-Indo-European term, meaning "to swell." The root *bʰelg- has been proposed based on a possible connection with Ancient Greek φᾰ́λᾰγξ (phắlănx), Old High German balko, and Icelandic bjálki, although De Vaan rejects such connections. Rix posits, albeit uncertainly, the root *bʰelḱ-, from which a form *bʰl̥ḱ-yé-ti may have emerged,[1] whence fulciō.[2] However, the only other evidence for such a root is Ancient Greek φάλκης (phálkēs), which Beekes considers to be of Pre-Greek origin.[3]

Pronunciation

Verb

fulciō (present infinitive fulcīre, perfect active fulsī, supine fultum); fourth conjugation

  1. to prop up, support
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.246–249:
      Iamque volāns apicem et latera ardua cernit
      Atlantis dūrī, caelum quī vertice fulcit,
      Atlantis, cīnctum adsiduē cui nūbibus ātrīs
      pīniferum caput et ventō pulsātur et imbrī.
      And now, flying, he sees the peak and steep sides
      of the tough Atlas, who supports the sky on his head,
      of Atlas, whose pine-bearing head surrounded by dark clouds
      is constantly beaten by wind as well as by rain.
  2. to strengthen, secure, support
    Synonyms: cōnfirmō, firmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, immunīo, sistō
    Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, effēminō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō
    • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 2.1146–1149:
      Omnia dēbet enim cibus integrāre novandō
      et fulcīre cibus, cibus omnia sustentāre—
      nēquīquam, quoniam nec vēnae perpetiuntur
      quod satis est neque quantum opus est nātūra ministrat.
      For food should repair all by renewing
      and strengthen, support everything—
      but to no avail, because neither do veins contain
      enough, nor does nature provide as much as necessary.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of fulciō (fourth conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present fulciō fulcīs fulcit fulcīmus fulcītis fulciunt
imperfect fulciēbam fulciēbās fulciēbat fulciēbāmus fulciēbātis fulciēbant
future fulciam fulciēs fulciet fulciēmus fulciētis fulcient
perfect fulsī fulsistī fulsit fulsimus fulsistis fulsērunt,
fulsēre
pluperfect fulseram fulserās fulserat fulserāmus fulserātis fulserant
future perfect fulserō fulseris fulserit fulserimus fulseritis fulserint
passive present fulcior fulcīris,
fulcīre 		fulcītur fulcīmur fulcīminī fulciuntur
imperfect fulciēbar fulciēbāris,
fulciēbāre 		fulciēbātur fulciēbāmur fulciēbāminī fulciēbantur
future fulciar fulciēris,
fulciēre 		fulciētur fulciēmur fulciēminī fulcientur
perfect fultus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect fultus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect fultus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present fulciam fulciās fulciat fulciāmus fulciātis fulciant
imperfect fulcīrem fulcīrēs fulcīret fulcīrēmus fulcīrētis fulcīrent
perfect fulserim fulserīs fulserit fulserīmus fulserītis fulserint
pluperfect fulsissem fulsissēs fulsisset fulsissēmus fulsissētis fulsissent
passive present fulciar fulciāris,
fulciāre 		fulciātur fulciāmur fulciāminī fulciantur
imperfect fulcīrer fulcīrēris,
fulcīrēre 		fulcīrētur fulcīrēmur fulcīrēminī fulcīrentur
perfect fultus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect fultus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — fulcī — — fulcīte —
future — fulcītō fulcītō — fulcītōte fulciuntō
passive present — fulcīre — — fulcīminī —
future — fulcītor fulcītor — — fulciuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present fulcīre fulcīrī fulciēns —
future fultūrum esse fultum īrī fultūrus fulciendus,
fulciundus
perfect fulsisse fultum esse — fultus
future perfect — fultum fore — —
perfect potential fultūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
fulciendī fulciendō fulciendum fulciendō fultum fultū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • ⇒ Galician: refucir
  • Italian: folcire
  • Latin: *fulcius
    • →? Proto-Albanian: *fujqi
  • Spanish: fulcir

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “5. bhel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 122–123
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*bʰelk- ‘stützen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 74
  3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1549
  • “fulcio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “fulcio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • fulcio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 247
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