minuo

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *minuō, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”), either *mi-néw-ti[1] or *mi-néh₁-ti. Cognate with Sanskrit मीनाति (minā́ti, “to lessen, diminish, damage”) (also मिनोति (minóti)), Ancient Greek μινύθω (minúthō, “to lessen; to disappear”), Cornish minow (“to reduce”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “less”), Old Church Slavonic мьнйии (mĭnjii, “smaller, lesser, younger”), Tocharian B maiwe (“small, young”).[2] Related to minor.

Pronunciation

Verb

minuō (present infinitive minuere, perfect active minuī, supine minūtum); third conjugation

  1. to make smaller, lessen, diminish, reduce, minimize
    Synonyms: diminuō, dēminuō, imminuō, tenuō, premō, corripiō
    Antonyms: augeō, amplificō, extendō, accumulō, cumulō, multiplicō
  2. to attenuate, appease, suppress, repress, quell
    Synonym: coerceo
  3. to dismember, tear apart, break
    Synonyms: findo, rumpo
  4. to restrict, confine, limit
    Synonyms: fīniō, līmitō, delīmitō, claudō, urgeō, moderor, inclūdō
    animos minuere ― to restrict the wrath
  5. to remove, subtract, detract
  6. to reduce the importance
  7. to undermine, weaken, debilitate, soften
    Synonyms: atterō, dēterō, frangō, effēminō, tenuō, cōnsūmō, afficiō
    Antonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, sistō
  8. to eliminate, delete, remove
  9. (poetic) to cease, stop, give up
Conjugation
   Conjugation of minuō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present minuō minuis minuit minuimus minuitis minuunt
imperfect minuēbam minuēbās minuēbat minuēbāmus minuēbātis minuēbant
future minuam minuēs minuet minuēmus minuētis minuent
perfect minuī minuistī minuit minuimus minuistis minuērunt,
minuēre
pluperfect minueram minuerās minuerat minuerāmus minuerātis minuerant
future perfect minuerō minueris minuerit minuerimus minueritis minuerint
passive present minuor minueris,
minuere 		minuitur minuimur minuiminī minuuntur
imperfect minuēbar minuēbāris,
minuēbāre 		minuēbātur minuēbāmur minuēbāminī minuēbantur
future minuar minuēris,
minuēre 		minuētur minuēmur minuēminī minuentur
perfect minūtus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect minūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect minūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present minuam minuās minuat minuāmus minuātis minuant
imperfect minuerem minuerēs minueret minuerēmus minuerētis minuerent
perfect minuerim minuerīs minuerit minuerīmus minuerītis minuerint
pluperfect minuissem minuissēs minuisset minuissēmus minuissētis minuissent
passive present minuar minuāris,
minuāre 		minuātur minuāmur minuāminī minuantur
imperfect minuerer minuerēris,
minuerēre 		minuerētur minuerēmur minuerēminī minuerentur
perfect minūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect minūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — minue — — minuite —
future — minuitō minuitō — minuitōte minuuntō
passive present — minuere — — minuiminī —
future — minuitor minuitor — — minuuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present minuere minuī minuēns —
future minūtūrum esse minūtum īrī minūtūrus minuendus
perfect minuisse minūtum esse — minūtus
future perfect — minūtum fore — —
perfect potential minūtūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
minuendī minuendō minuendum minuendō minūtum minūtū
Descendants

(See also etymology 2.)

  • → French: minuer
  • → Interlingua: minuer
  • → Italian: minuire
  • → Portuguese: minuir
  • → Spanish: minuir

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 139
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “minor, -or, -us”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 381–382

Further reading

  • “minuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • minuo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
  • “minuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • minuo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to increase a person's dignity: auctoritatem alicuius amplificare (opp. imminuere, minuere)
    • to weaken, diminish a person's hope: spem alicui or alicuius minuere
    • to retrench: sumptum minuere

Etymology 2

Reassignment of etymology 1 to the first conjugation. Attested from the fourth century CE.[1]

Verb

minuō (present infinitive minuāre, perfect active minuāvī, supine minuātum); first conjugation (Late Latin)

  1. alternative form of minuō
Conjugation
   Conjugation of minuō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present minuō minuās minuat minuāmus minuātis minuant
imperfect minuābam minuābās minuābat minuābāmus minuābātis minuābant
future minuābō minuābis minuābit minuābimus minuābitis minuābunt
perfect minuāvī minuāvistī minuāvit minuāvimus minuāvistis minuāvērunt,
minuāvēre
pluperfect minuāveram minuāverās minuāverat minuāverāmus minuāverātis minuāverant
future perfect minuāverō minuāveris minuāverit minuāverimus minuāveritis minuāverint
passive present minuor minuāris,
minuāre 		minuātur minuāmur minuāminī minuantur
imperfect minuābar minuābāris,
minuābāre 		minuābātur minuābāmur minuābāminī minuābantur
future minuābor minuāberis,
minuābere 		minuābitur minuābimur minuābiminī minuābuntur
perfect minuātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect minuātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect minuātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present minuem minuēs minuet minuēmus minuētis minuent
imperfect minuārem minuārēs minuāret minuārēmus minuārētis minuārent
perfect minuāverim minuāverīs minuāverit minuāverīmus minuāverītis minuāverint
pluperfect minuāvissem minuāvissēs minuāvisset minuāvissēmus minuāvissētis minuāvissent
passive present minuer minuēris,
minuēre 		minuētur minuēmur minuēminī minuentur
imperfect minuārer minuārēris,
minuārēre 		minuārētur minuārēmur minuārēminī minuārentur
perfect minuātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect minuātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — minuā — — minuāte —
future — minuātō minuātō — minuātōte minuantō
passive present — minuāre — — minuāminī —
future — minuātor minuātor — — minuantor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present minuāre minuārī minuāns —
future minuātūrum esse minuātum īrī minuātūrus minuandus
perfect minuāvisse minuātum esse — minuātus
future perfect — minuātum fore — —
perfect potential minuātūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
minuandī minuandō minuandum minuandō minuātum minuātū
Descendants

References

  1. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mĭnuĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 6/2: Mercatio–Mneme, page 126

Serbo-Croatian

Participle

minuo (Cyrillic spelling минуо)

  1. masculine singular active past participle of minuti
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