Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/déh₃t

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic root aorist of *deh₃- (“to give”).

Verb

*déh₃t (perfective)^[1]^[2]

to give

Inflection

Perfective, athematic
3rd singular	*déh₃t
3rd plural	*dh₃ént
Active voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*déh₃m̥	—	*déh₃oh₂	*dh₃yéh₁m̥
2nd singular	*déh₃s	déh₃, dh₃dʰí	*déh₃esi	*dh₃yéh₁s
3rd singular	*déh₃t	*déh₃tu	*déh₃eti	*dh₃yéh₁t
1st dual	*dh₃wé	—	*déh₃owos	*dh₃ih₁wé
2nd dual	*dh₃tóm	*dh₃tóm	*déh₃etes	*dh₃ih₁tóm
3rd dual	*dh₃tā́m	*dh₃tā́m	*déh₃etes	*dh₃ih₁tā́m
1st plural	*dh₃mé	—	*déh₃omos	*dh₃ih₁mé
2nd plural	*dh₃té	*dh₃té	*déh₃ete	*dh₃ih₁té
3rd plural	*dh₃ént	*dh₃éntu	*déh₃onti	*dh₃ih₁ént

Participle	*dh₃ónts
Middle voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*dh₃h₂é	—	*déh₃oh₂er	*dh₃ih₁h₂é
2nd singular	*dh₃th₂é	*dh₃só	*déh₃eth₂er	*dh₃ih₁th₂é
3rd singular	dh₃tó, dh₃ó	*?	*déh₃etor	dh₃ih₁tó, dh₃ih₁ó
1st dual	*dh₃wédʰh₂	—	*déh₃owosdʰh₂	*dh₃ih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*dh₃médʰh₂	—	*déh₃omosdʰh₂	*dh₃ih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural	*dh₃dʰh₂wé	*dh₃dʰh₂wé	*déh₃edʰh₂we	*dh₃ih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural	dh₃n̥tó, dh₃ró	*?	*déh₃ontor	*dh₃ih₁ró

Participle	*dh₃m̥h₁nós

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ետ (et) (3sg.aor. of տամ (tam))
Proto-Celtic: *dāti (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἔδομεν (édomen) (defective aorist of δίδωμι (dídōmi)), ἔδωκᾰ (édōkă) (extended with -k-))
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HádaHt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HádaHt
  - Sanskrit: अदात् (ádāt)
- Proto-Iranian: *HádaHt
  - Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬝 (dāt̰, 3sg.aor.act.inj.)
Proto-Italic: *dōai (possibly)
- Venetic: 𐌃𐌏𐌕𐌏 (doto)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dō, dare”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 174-5
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 105

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dō, dare”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 174-5

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 105

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