δίδωμι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplicated present of *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognates include Latin dō, Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (d-d-a-tu-u-v /dadātuv/) and Old Armenian տամ (tam).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /dí.dɔː.mi/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈdi.do.mi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈði.ðo.mi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈði.ðo.mi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈði.ðo.mi/
Verb
δῐ́δωμῐ • (dĭ́dōmĭ)
- to give, present, offer, provide
- to grant, allow, permit
- (perfect active) to allow; (perfect passive) to be allowed
- 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 182e:
- καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιχειρεῖν ἑλεῖν ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε τῷ ἐραστῇ θαυμαστὰ ἔργα ἐργαζομένῳ ἐπαινεῖσθαι
- kaì pròs tò epikheireîn heleîn exousían ho nómos dédōke tōî erastēî thaumastà érga ergazoménōi epaineîsthai
- 1925 translation by Harold N. Fowler
- and how in his endeavors for success our law leaves [the lover] a free hand for performing such admirable acts as may win him praise
- καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιχειρεῖν ἑλεῖν ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε τῷ ἐραστῇ θαυμαστὰ ἔργα ἐργαζομένῳ ἐπαινεῖσθαι
Inflection
Present: δῐ́δωμῐ, δῐ́δομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δῐ́δωμῐ | δῐ́δως | δῐ́δωσῐ(ν) | δῐ́δοτον | δῐ́δοτον | δῐ́δομεν | δῐ́δοτε | δῐδόᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | δῐδῶ | δῐδῷς | δῐδῷ | δῐδῶτον | δῐδῶτον | δῐδῶμεν | δῐδῶτε | δῐδῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | δῐδοίην | δῐδοίης | δῐδοίη | δῐδοῖτον / δῐδοίητον | δῐδοίτην / δῐδοιήτην | δῐδοῖμεν / δῐδοίημεν | δῐδοῖτε / δῐδοίητε | δῐδοῖεν / δῐδοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | δῐ́δου | δῐδότω | δῐ́δοτον | δῐδότων | δῐ́δοτε | δῐδόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | δῐ́δομαι | δῐ́δοσαι | δῐ́δοται | δῐ́δοσθον | δῐ́δοσθον | δῐδόμεθᾰ | δῐ́δοσθε | δῐ́δονται | ||||
| subjunctive | δῐδῶμαι | δῐδῷ | δῐδῶται | δῐδῶσθον | δῐδῶσθον | δῐδώμεθᾰ | δῐδῶσθε | δῐδῶνται | |||||
| optative | δῐδοίμην | δῐδοῖο | δῐδοῖτο | δῐδοῖσθον | δῐδοίσθην | δῐδοίμεθᾰ | δῐδοῖσθε | δῐδοῖντο | |||||
| imperative | δῐ́δοσο | δῐδόσθω | δῐ́δοσθον | δῐδόσθων | δῐ́δοσθε | δῐδόσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | δῐδόναι | δῐ́δοσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | δῐδούς | δῐδόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | δῐδοῦσᾰ | δῐδομένη | |||||||||||
| n | δῐδόν | δῐδόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐδῐ́δουν, ἐδῐδόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐδῐ́δουν | ἐδῐ́δους | ἐδῐ́δου | ἐδῐ́δοτον | ἐδῐδότην | ἐδῐ́δομεν | ἐδῐ́δοτε | ἐδῐ́δοσᾰν, ἐδῐ́δουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐδῐδόμην | ἐδῐ́δοσο | ἐδῐ́δοτο, ἐδῐ́δετο |
ἐδῐ́δοσθον | ἐδῐδόσθην | ἐδῐδόμεθᾰ | ἐδῐ́δοσθε | ἐδῐ́δοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δῐ́δουν | δῐ́δους | δῐ́δου | δῐ́δοτον | δῐδότην | δῐ́δομεν | δῐ́δοτε | δῐ́δοσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | δῐδόμην | δῐ́δοσο | δῐ́δοτο | δῐ́δοσθον | δῐδόσθην | δῐδόμε(σ)θᾰ | δῐ́δοσθε | δῐ́δοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δόσκον | δόσκες | δόσκε(ν) | δόσκετον | δοσκέτην | δόσκομεν | δόσκετε | δόσκον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | δοσκόμην | δόσκου | δόσκετο | δόσκεσθον | δοσκέσθην | δοσκόμεθᾰ | δόσκεσθε | δόσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δώσω | δώσεις | δώσει | δώσετον | δώσετον | δώσομεν | δώσετε | δώσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | δώσοιμῐ | δώσοις | δώσοι | δώσοιτον | δωσοίτην | δώσοιμεν | δώσοιτε | δώσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | δώσομαι | δώσῃ / δώσει | δώσεται | δώσεσθον | δώσεσθον | δωσόμεθᾰ | δώσεσθε | δώσονται | ||||
| optative | δωσοίμην | δώσοιο | δώσοιτο | δώσοισθον | δωσοίσθην | δωσοίμεθᾰ | δώσοισθε | δώσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | δοθήσομαι | δοθήσῃ | δοθήσεται | δοθήσεσθον | δοθήσεσθον | δοθησόμεθᾰ | δοθήσεσθε | δοθήσονται | ||||
| optative | δοθησοίμην | δοθήσοιο | δοθήσοιτο | δοθήσοισθον | δοθησοίσθην | δοθησοίμεθᾰ | δοθήσοισθε | δοθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | δώσειν | δώσεσθαι | δοθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | δώσων | δωσόμενος | δοθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | δώσουσᾰ | δωσομένη | δοθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | δῶσον | δωσόμενον | δοθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: διδώσω, διδώσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | διδώσω | διδώσεις | διδώσει | διδώσετον | διδώσετον | διδώσομεν | διδώσετε | διδώσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | διδώσοιμῐ | διδώσοις | διδώσοι | διδώσοιτον | διδωσοίτην | διδώσοιμεν | διδώσοιτε | διδώσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | διδώσομαι | διδώσῃ / διδώσει | διδώσεται | διδώσεσθον | διδώσεσθον | διδωσόμεθᾰ | διδώσεσθε | διδώσονται | ||||
| optative | διδωσοίμην | διδώσοιο | διδώσοιτο | διδώσοισθον | διδωσοίσθην | διδωσοίμεθᾰ | διδώσοισθε | διδώσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | διδώσειν | διδώσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | διδώσων | διδωσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | διδώσουσᾰ | διδωσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | διδῶσον | διδωσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔδοτον | ἐδότην | ἔδομεν | ἔδοτε | ἔδοσᾰν | |||||||
| subjunctive | δῶ | δῷς | δῷ, δώῃ, δοῖ |
δῶτον | δῶτον | δῶμεν | δῶτε | δῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | δοίην | δοίης, δῴης |
δοίη, δῴη |
δοῖτον / δοίητον | δοίτην / δοιήτην | δοῖμεν / δοίημεν | δοῖτε / δοίητε | δοῖεν / δοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | δός | δότω | δότον | δότων | δότε | δόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐδόμην | ἔδου | ἔδοτο | ἔδοσθον | ἐδόσθην | ἐδόμεθᾰ | ἔδοσθε | ἔδοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | δῶμαι | δῷ | δῶται | δῶσθον | δῶσθον | δώμεθᾰ | δῶσθε | δῶνται | |||||
| optative | δοίμην | δοῖο | δοῖτο | δοῖσθον | δοίσθην | δοίμεθᾰ | δοῖσθε | δοῖντο | |||||
| imperative | δοῦ | δόσθω | δόσθον | δόσθων | δόσθε | δόσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐδόθην | ἐδόθης | ἐδόθη | ἐδόθητον | ἐδοθήτην | ἐδόθημεν | ἐδόθητε | ἐδόθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | δοθῶ | δοθῇς | δοθῇ | δοθῆτον | δοθῆτον | δοθῶμεν | δοθῆτε | δοθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | δοθείην | δοθείης | δοθείη | δοθεῖτον / δοθείητον | δοθείτην / δοθειήτην | δοθεῖμεν / δοθείημεν | δοθεῖτε / δοθείητε | δοθεῖεν / δοθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | δόθηθῐ | δοθήτω | δόθητον | δοθήτων | δόθητε | δοθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | δοῦναι | δόσθαι | δοθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | δούς | δόμενος | δοθείς | |||||||||
| f | δοῦσᾰ | δομένη | δοθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | δόν | δόμενον | δοθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔδοτον | ἐδότην | ἔδομεν | ἔδοτε | ἔδοσᾰν | |||||||
| subjunctive | δῶ, δῶμῐ |
δῷς, δῷσθᾰ |
δώῃ, δώῃσι, δῷσι |
δῶτον | δῶτον | δῶμεν, δώομεν |
δῶτε | δῶσι, δώωσι | |||||
| optative | δοίην | δοίης | δοίη | δοῖτον | δοίτην | δοῖμεν | δοῖτε | δοῖεν | |||||
| imperative | δός | δότω | δότον | δότων | δότε | δόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐδόμην | ἔδου | ἔδοτο | ἔδοσθον | ἐδόσθην | ἐδόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἔδοσθε | ἔδοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | δῶμαι | δῷ | δῶται | δῶσθον | δῶσθον | δώμε(σ)θᾰ | δῶσθε | δῶνται | |||||
| optative | δοίμην | δοῖο | δοῖτο | δοῖσθον | δοίσθην | δοίμε(σ)θᾰ | δοῖσθε | δοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | δοῦ | δόσθω | δόσθον | δόσθων | δόσθε | δόσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐδόθην | ἐδόθης | ἐδόθη | ἐδόθητον | ἐδοθήτην | ἐδόθημεν | ἐδόθητε | ἐδόθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | δοθῶ | δοθῇς | δοθῇ | δοθῆτον | δοθῆτον | δοθῶμεν | δοθῆτε | δοθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | δοθείην | δοθείης | δοθείη | δοθεῖτον / δοθείητον | δοθείτην / δοθειήτην | δοθεῖμεν / δοθείημεν | δοθεῖτε / δοθείητε | δόθειεν / δοθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | δόθηθῐ | δοθήτω | δόθητον | δοθήτων | δόθητε | δοθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | δόμεν(αι) | δόσθαι | δοθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | δούς | δόμενος | δοθείς | |||||||||
| f | δοῦσᾰ | δομένη | δοθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | δόν | δόμενον | δοθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δότον | δότην | δόμεν | δότε | δόσᾰν | |||||||
| middle | indicative | δόμην | δοῦ | δότο | δόσθον | δόσθην | δόμε(σ)θᾰ | δόσθε | δόντο | ||||
| passive | indicative | δόθην | δόθης | δόθη | δόθητον | δοθήτην | δόθημεν | δόθητε | δόθησᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔδωκᾰ, ἐδωκᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔδωκᾰ | ἔδωκᾰς | ἔδωκε(ν) | ἐδώκᾰτον | ἐδωκᾰ́την | ἐδώκᾰμεν | ἐδώκᾰτε | ἔδωκᾰν | ||||
| middle | indicative | ἐδωκᾰ́μην | ἐδώκω | ἐδώκᾰτο | ἐδώκᾰσθον | ἐδωκᾰ́σθην | ἐδωκᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐδώκᾰσθε | ἐδώκᾰντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δῶκᾰ | δῶκᾰς | δῶκε(ν) | δώκᾰτον | δωκᾰ́την | δώκᾰμεν | δώκᾰτε | δῶκᾰν | ||||
| middle | indicative | δωκᾰ́μην | δώκᾰο | δώκᾰτο | δώκᾰσθον | δωκᾰ́σθην | δωκᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | δώκᾰσθε | δώκᾰντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: δέδωκᾰ, δέδομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | δέδωκᾰ | δέδωκᾰς | δέδωκε(ν) | δεδώκᾰτον | δεδώκᾰτον | δεδώκᾰμεν | δεδώκᾰτε | δεδώκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | δεδώκω | δεδώκῃς | δεδώκῃ | δεδώκητον | δεδώκητον | δεδώκωμεν | δεδώκητε | δεδώκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | δεδώκοιμῐ / δεδωκοίην | δεδώκοις / δεδωκοίης | δεδώκοι / δεδωκοίη | δεδώκοιτον | δεδωκοίτην | δεδώκοιμεν | δεδώκοιτε | δεδώκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | δέδωκε | δεδωκέτω | δεδώκετον | δεδωκέτων | δεδώκετε | δεδωκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | δέδομαι | δέδοσαι | δέδοται | δέδοσθον | δέδοσθον | δεδόμεθᾰ | δέδοσθε | δέδονται | ||||
| subjunctive | δεδομένος ὦ | δεδομένος ᾖς | δεδομένος ᾖ | δεδομένω ἦτον | δεδομένω ἦτον | δεδομένοι ὦμεν | δεδομένοι ἦτε | δεδομένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | δεδομένος εἴην | δεδομένος εἴης | δεδομένος εἴη | δεδομένω εἴητον / εἶτον | δεδομένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | δεδομένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | δεδομένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | δεδομένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | δέδοσο | δεδόσθω | δέδοσθον | δεδόσθων | δέδοσθε | δεδόσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | δεδωκέναι | δεδόσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | δεδωκώς | δεδομένος | ||||||||||
| f | δεδωκυῖᾰ | δεδομένη | |||||||||||
| n | δεδωκός | δεδομένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐδεδώκειν / ἐδεδώκη, ἐδεδόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐδεδώκειν / ἐδεδώκη | ἐδεδώκεις / ἐδεδώκης | ἐδεδώκει(ν) | ἐδεδώκετον | ἐδεδωκέτην | ἐδεδώκεμεν | ἐδεδώκετε | ἐδεδώκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐδεδόμην | ἐδέδοσο | ἐδέδοτο | ἐδέδοσθον | ἐδεδόσθην | ἐδεδόμεθᾰ | ἐδέδοσθε | ἐδέδοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀναδίδωμι (anadídōmi)
- ἀντιδίδωμι (antidídōmi)
- ἀντίδοσις (antídosis)
- ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi)
- Ἀπολλόδοτος (Apollódotos)
- διαδίδωμι (diadídōmi)
- δόσις (dósis)
- ἐκδίδωμι (ekdídōmi)
- ἐνδίδωμι (endídōmi)
- ἐπιδίδωμι (epidídōmi)
- Ἡρόδοτος (Hēródotos)
- Θεόδοτος (Theódotos)
- καταδίδωμι (katadídōmi)
- μεταδίδωμι (metadídōmi)
- παραδίδωμι (paradídōmi)
- περιδίδωμι (peridídōmi)
- προδίδωμι (prodídōmi)
- προσδίδωμι (prosdídōmi)
- συνδίδωμι (sundídōmi)
- ὑπερδίδωμι (huperdídōmi)
- ὑποδίδωμι (hupodídōmi)
Descendants
- Byzantine Greek: δίδω (dídō)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δίδωμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 331-2
Further reading
- “δίδωμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “δίδωμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “δίδωμι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- δίδωμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- δίδωμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- δίδωμι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “δίδωμι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1325 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Basic Lexicon of Ancient Greek, I.N. Karazis, ed., «δίδωμι». Retrieved 3 July, 2015.