Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerH-
This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷerh₃-[1][2]

  1. to swallow, devour, eat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷerh₃- (18 c, 0 e)
  • *gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (athematic root aorist)[3]
    • Proto-Albanian: *engranti[4][5]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Epic Greek: ἔβρως (ébrōs, 2sg.aor.) (with generalized zero-grade)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: गरन् (garan, 3pl.inj.act.)[6] (thematized from strong stem)
  • *gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagárHa
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agárHa
  • *gʷorh₃-éye-ti (eye-causative)[2]
    • Proto-Italic: *gʷorō[7] (or denominal from *gʷorā < *gʷorh₃-éh₂)
      • >? Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷr̥h₃-é-ti ("tudati"-type thematic root)[2][8]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei (“to glut; to drink”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti
      • Proto-Iranian:
        • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (n-ɣr-, “to swallow down”)[9]
  • *gʷr̥h₃-néh₂-ti (neh₂-iterative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *kurrōną
      • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour, glut”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷr̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)[2]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrṓskō
      • Ancient Greek: *βρώσκω (*brṓskō) (as in ἀναβρώσκων (anabrṓskōn); probably a later formation[10])
        • ⇒? Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷérh₃-tlo-m
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtlá (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷorh₃-éh₂
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷorā́
      • Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garáH
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garáH
        • Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)
  • *gʷórh₃-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷóros
      • Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)
  • *gʷorh₃-ó-s[1][3]
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *garHás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *garHás
        • Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)
  • *gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m[3]
    • Proto-Armenian:
  • *gʷr̥h₃-nó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás
  • *gʷr̥h₃-tló-m[11][12]
    • Proto-Albanian: *gritlā[12]
      • >? Albanian: grellë (“deep place”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúrˀtla (“throat”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷr̥h₃-tó-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: βρωτός (brōtós)

Unsorted formations:

  • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬋 f (garō, “throats”, nom./acc.pl.)
  • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬋𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (aspōgarəm, “who swallows horses”, acc.sg.)

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gu̯er-, gu̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 359-360
  4. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
  5. ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “ngrënë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 297
  6. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 206
  7. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 690
  8. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
  9. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎[4], page 29
  10. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βιβρώσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 213-4
  11. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъ̀rdlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198: “n. o (a) ‘throat’”
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “grellë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “IE *gu̯r̥tlom”
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