Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁é-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Traditionally considered to come from a particle *h₁é (“then”).

Dunkel suggests a reanalysis of *és.^[1]

Prefix

*h₁é-^[2]

the augment, a part of the past tense in Armenian, Greek, Indo-Iranian and Phrygian

Alternative reconstructions

*é-^[1]^[3]^[4]

Descendants

Ancient Greek: ἐ- (e-) (contracts with vowel-initial verbs)
- Greek: έ- (é-)
Old Armenian: ե- (e-), է- (ē-) (contracted form)
Phrygian: ε- (e-)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Há- (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 254
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 252-3
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 91
^ García Ramón, José Luis (2017–2018) “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 672: “PIE *é-h₂eg̑-”

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 254

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 252-3

[3] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 91

[4] García Ramón, José Luis (2017–2018) “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 672: “PIE *é-h₂eg̑-”

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