Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *h₂ent- (“face, forehead; front”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

    Reconstruction

    According to Kloekhorst the paradigm can't be properly reconstructed due to ambiguity of the grammatical gender of Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za), which could have been either common or neuter. Therefore Ancient Greek ἄντα (ánta) could either reflect *h₂ént-h̥₂ or *h₂ént-m̥.[1]

    Noun

    *h₂énts m or f or *h₂ént n[2]

    1. forehead
    2. front

    Inflection

    In case it was animate:

    Athematic, amphikinetic
    singular
    nominative *h₂énts
    genitive *h₂n̥tés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *h₂énts *h₂énth₁(e) *h₂éntes
    vocative *h₂ént *h₂énth₁(e) *h₂éntes
    accusative *h₂éntm̥ *h₂énth₁(e) *h₂éntm̥s
    genitive *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tóHom
    ablative *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tmós, *h₂n̥tbʰós
    dative *h₂n̥téy *? *h₂n̥tmós, *h₂n̥tbʰós
    locative *h₂ént, *h₂énti *? *h₂n̥tsú
    instrumental *h₂n̥téh₁ *? *h₂n̥tmís, *h₂n̥tbʰís

    In case it was inanimate:

    Athematic, amphikinetic
    singular
    nominative *h₂ént
    genitive *h₂n̥tés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *h₂ént *h₂éntih₁ *h₂énth₂
    vocative *h₂ént *h₂éntih₁ *h₂énth₂
    accusative *h₂ént *h₂éntih₁ *h₂énth₂
    genitive *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tóHom
    ablative *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tmós, *h₂n̥tbʰós
    dative *h₂n̥téy *? *h₂n̥tmós, *h₂n̥tbʰós
    locative *h₂ént, *h₂énti *? *h₂n̥tsú
    instrumental *h₂n̥téh₁ *? *h₂n̥tmís, *h₂n̥tbʰís

    Derived terms

    • *h₂énti (locative singular)
    • *h₂entó ((fossilized) allative singular)
      • Proto-Germanic: *anda- (“against”) (see there for further descendants)
      • >? Proto-Tocharian: *ā́ntë (“in front”) (see there for further descendants)
    • (possibly) *h₂n̥tbʰi (from the instrumental plural)

    Descendants

    • Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἄντα (ánta) (either from accusative singular *h₂éntm̥ or from accusative plural *h₂énth̥₂)
      • Ancient Greek: ἄντην (ántēn)

    References

    1. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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