Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃bʰrúHs
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Roots unknown. If Gaulish brīuā (“bridge”) is related (compare Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ (“bridge”) below), it would require the root to be *(h₃)bʰreh₁w-, related by laryngeal metathesis *-h₁w- ~ *-wh₁- in the coda. However, Proto-Celtic *abr-ants (“eyelid”) could point to an even older stem *h₃bʰr-.[1] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
*h₃bʰrúHs f[2]
Inflection
Per Beekes, originally:[3]
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₃bʰrḗwHs | ||
| genitive | *h₃bʰruHés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₃bʰrḗwHs | *h₃bʰréwHh₁(e) | *h₃bʰréwHes |
| vocative | *h₃bʰréwH | *h₃bʰréwHh₁(e) | *h₃bʰréwHes |
| accusative | *h₃bʰréwHm̥ | *h₃bʰréwHh₁(e) | *h₃bʰréwHm̥s |
| genitive | *h₃bʰruHés | *? | *h₃bʰruHóHom |
| ablative | *h₃bʰruHés | *? | *h₃bʰruHmós, *h₃bʰruHbʰós |
| dative | *h₃bʰruHéy | *? | *h₃bʰruHmós, *h₃bʰruHbʰós |
| locative | *h₃bʰréwH, *h₃bʰréwHi | *? | *h₃bʰruHsú |
| instrumental | *h₃bʰruHéh₁ | *? | *h₃bʰruHmís, *h₃bʰruHbʰís |
Later paradigm:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₃bʰrúHs | ||
| genitive | *h₃bʰruHés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₃bʰrúHs | *h₃bʰrúHh₁(e) | *h₃bʰrúHes |
| vocative | *h₃bʰrúH | *h₃bʰrúHh₁(e) | *h₃bʰrúHes |
| accusative | *h₃bʰrúHm̥ | *h₃bʰrúHh₁(e) | *h₃bʰrúHm̥s |
| genitive | *h₃bʰruHés | *? | *h₃bʰruHóHom |
| ablative | *h₃bʰruHés | *? | *h₃bʰruHmós, *h₃bʰruHbʰós |
| dative | *h₃bʰruHéy | *? | *h₃bʰruHmós, *h₃bʰruHbʰós |
| locative | *h₃bʰrúH, *h₃bʰrúHi | *? | *h₃bʰruHsú |
| instrumental | *h₃bʰruHéh₁ | *? | *h₃bʰruHmís, *h₃bʰruHbʰís |
Reconstruction notes
- The root shape, *HCReRH-, is unusual due to the initial laryngeal (*h₃) preceding a stop. Likely formed in a late stage of PIE.
- The ablaut type is uncertain.
Alternative reconstructions
- *h₃bʰrḗwHs[3]
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *brū́ˀs (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *brūs
- Proto-Hellenic: *opʰrū́s
- Ancient Greek: ὀφρύς (ophrús), ὀφρῦς (ophrûs) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HbʰrúHs (see there for further descendants)
Derived terms
- *h₃bʰrḗwH-o-
- Proto-Germanic: *brēwō (see there for further descendants)
- *h₃bʰréwHō ~ *h₃bʰruHn-és[4]
- *h₃bʰruH-íh₂-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *brugjǭ (“bridge”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*briwā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 79
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὀφρῦς, -ύος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1135-1136
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pärwāne*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 400-401