Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adjective

*méǵh₂s (oblique stem *m̥ǵh₂-)^[1]^[2]

big, great

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*méǵh₂s	*méǵh₂ih₂
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂és	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂s	*méǵh₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂es
vocative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂es
accusative	*méǵh₂m̥	*méǵh₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂m̥s
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	*m̥ǵh₂óHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	m̥ǵh₂mós, m̥ǵh₂bʰós
dative	*m̥ǵh₂éy	*?	m̥ǵh₂mós, m̥ǵh₂bʰós
locative	méǵh₂, méǵh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵh₂sú
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂éh₁	*?	m̥ǵh₂mís, m̥ǵh₂bʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂ih₂	*méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂ih₂es
vocative	*méǵh₂ih₂	*méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂ih₂es
accusative	*méǵh₂ih₂m̥	*méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂ih₂m̥s
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s	*?	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂oHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s	*?	m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mos, m̥ǵh₂yéh₂bʰos
dative	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂ey	*?	m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mos, m̥ǵh₂yéh₂bʰos
locative	m̥ǵh₂yéh₂, m̥ǵh₂yéh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂su
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂yéh₂h₁	*?	m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mis, m̥ǵh₂yéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂ih₁	*méǵh₂h₂
vocative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂ih₁	*méǵh₂h₂
accusative	*méǵh₂	*méǵh₂ih₁	*méǵh₂h₂
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	*m̥ǵh₂óHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂és	*?	m̥ǵh₂mós, m̥ǵh₂bʰós
dative	*m̥ǵh₂éy	*?	m̥ǵh₂mós, m̥ǵh₂bʰós
locative	méǵh₂, méǵh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵh₂sú
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂éh₁	*?	m̥ǵh₂mís, m̥ǵh₂bʰís

Derived terms

*méǵh₂-os ~ méǵh₂-es-
- >? Proto-Celtic: *magos (“plain, field”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́ʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰas
    - Sanskrit: महस् (máhas)
  - Proto-Iranian: *májah
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬵 (mazah)
*móǵh₂-os ^[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *maźas (“small, little”) (with semantic shift "small" < "big")
  - East Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: mãžas
    - Latvian: mazs
    - Latgalian: mozs
  - West Baltic:
    - Old Prussian: massais (“less”)
    - Sudovian: maz
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - >? Ancient Greek: μόγος (mógos), Ancient Greek: μογέω (mogéō), Ancient Greek: μόγις (mógis)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: महयति (maháyati, “to glorify”)
*méǵh₂-lo-s
- Proto-Celtic: *maglos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *mikilaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *megalos
  - Ancient Greek: μεγᾰ́λος (megắlos)
(perhaps) *meǵh₂-r- (since -ար (-ar) and -αίρω (-aírō) were both productive in their respective languages, it may not be necessary to reconstruct an *-r- stem)
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: մեծարեմ (mecarem)
- Proto-Hellenic: *megařřō
  - Ancient Greek: μεγαίρω (megaírō)
(perhaps) *m̥ǵh₂-ént-s
- Proto-Italic: *engents (see there for further descendants)
*méǵh₂-yōs
*m̥ǵh₂-nós
- Proto-Italic: *magnos (see there for further descendants)
*m̥ǵh₂-tós
- Proto-Italic: *maktos (see there for further descendants)
*méǵh₂-mn̥-to-m
- Proto-Italic: *magmentom
  - Latin: magmentum
*méǵh₂-tlom
- Proto-Italic:
  - Venetic: 𐌌𐌀𐌙𐌄𐌕𐌋𐌏𐌍 (magetlon)

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *madza
- Albanian: madh^[4]
Proto-Albanian: *mai
- Albanian: më (“more”)
Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒈨𒂊𒅅𒆠𒅖 (me-e-ek-ki-iš, “numerous”)
Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: մեծ (mec)
  - Armenian: մեծ (mec)
Proto-Hellenic: *mégas, *əga- (< *m̥ǵh₂-), *əgān (< *m̥ǵéh₂m)
- Ancient Greek: μέγας (mégas), ἀγα- (aga-), ἄγᾱν (ágān)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰā́ (see there for further descendants)
Phrygian: μεκας (mekas /⁠megas⁠/, “great”, dat.sg./pl.)
Proto-Tocharian: *mākā (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “magnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “mažas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 723-724
^ Forschungen, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 238

[1] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “magnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “mažas”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 723-724

[4] Forschungen, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 238

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