Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂yōs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From the adjective *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) +‎ *-yōs (intensive suffix).

Adjective

*méǵh₂yōs

bigger, greater

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*méǵh₂yōs	*méǵh₂yesih₂
genitive	*méǵh₂isos	*méǵh₂isyeh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yōs	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yoses
vocative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yoses
accusative	*méǵh₂yosm̥	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yosm̥s
genitive	*méǵh₂isos	*?	*méǵh₂isoHom
ablative	*méǵh₂isos	*?	méǵh₂ismos, méǵh₂isbʰos
dative	*méǵh₂isey	*?	méǵh₂ismos, méǵh₂isbʰos
locative	méǵh₂yés, méǵh₂yési	*?	*méǵh₂isu
instrumental	*méǵh₂ish₁	*?	méǵh₂ismis, méǵh₂isbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yesih₂	*méǵh₂yesih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂yesih₂es
vocative	*méǵh₂yesih₂	*méǵh₂yesih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂yesih₂es
accusative	*méǵh₂yesih₂m̥	*méǵh₂yesih₂h₁(e)	*méǵh₂yesih₂m̥s
genitive	*méǵh₂isyeh₂s	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂oHom
ablative	*méǵh₂isyeh₂s	*?	méǵh₂isyeh₂mos, méǵh₂isyeh₂bʰos
dative	*méǵh₂isyeh₂ey	*?	méǵh₂isyeh₂mos, méǵh₂isyeh₂bʰos
locative	méǵh₂isyeh₂, méǵh₂isyeh₂i	*?	*méǵh₂isyeh₂su
instrumental	*méǵh₂isyeh₂h₁	*?	méǵh₂isyeh₂mis, méǵh₂isyeh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
vocative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
accusative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
genitive	*méǵh₂isos	*?	*méǵh₂isoHom
ablative	*méǵh₂isos	*?	méǵh₂ismos, méǵh₂isbʰos
dative	*méǵh₂isey	*?	méǵh₂ismos, méǵh₂isbʰos
locative	méǵh₂yés, méǵh₂yési	*?	*méǵh₂isu
instrumental	*méǵh₂ish₁	*?	méǵh₂ismis, méǵh₂isbʰis

Derived terms

*méǵh₂-is-to-s (“biggest”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *mégistos
  - Ancient Greek: μέγιστος (mégistos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰištʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰiṣṭʰas
    - Sanskrit: महिष्ठ (máhiṣṭha)
  - Proto-Iranian: *májištas
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (mazišta)
    - Parthian: (/⁠masišt⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫘𐫏𐫢𐫤 (msyšt)
    - Old Persian: *maθištah
      - Middle Persian: (/⁠mehist⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫍𐫏𐫘𐫤 (mhyst)
        
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (msst')
        
        Classical Persian: مهست (mehest, “greatest, biggest”)
*méǵh₂-is-tero-s
- >? Proto-Italic: *magisteros (see there for further descendants)
*m(e)ǵh₂-is-m̥mo-
- Proto-Italic: *magisVmos
  - Latino-Faliscan:
    - Faliscan: 𐌌𐌀𐌗𐌏𐌌𐌏 (maxomo)
    - Latin: maximus
  - Sabellic:
    - >? Oscan: maimas (fem. nom. pl.)

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *magyos
- Continental:
  - Gaulish: Magios
- Goidelic:
  - Old Irish: maige
Proto-Hellenic: *méďďōn
- Ancient Greek: μείζων (meízōn)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́ʰyas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰyas
  - Sanskrit: महीयस् (máhīyas)
- Proto-Iranian: *májyah
  - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (maziiah)
Proto-Italic: *magjōs, *magis (< *m̥ǵh₂-is)
- Latin: maior, magis
- Oscan: mais