Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/próti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *pró +‎ *-ti.^[1]

Adverb

*próti ~ *préti^[1]^[2]

Reconstruction notes

Proto-Iranian *pati and Proto-Hellenic *poti seem to come from *poti,^[3] but they are probably r-less forms of *próti, originating when combined with words containing r.^[1] A similar development probably happened in Latvian pìe from earlier *prie.^[4]

Derived terms

*preti-om
- Proto-Italic: *pretjom
  - Latin: pretium (see there for further descendants)
*próti-h₃kʷ-o-m (with *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”))

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti, *prati
- Latgalian: pret, pretim, preteims
- Latvian: pret, pretī, pretējs
- ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *protivъ (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *proti
- Ancient Greek: προτί (protí), πρός (prós) (see there for further descendants)
- Cretan Ancient Greek: πορτί (portí)
Proto-Hellenic: *poti^[1] (*r-less variant)
- Ancient Greek: ποτί (potí), πός (pós), ποι (poi) (with πός maybe from *pós instead)
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀯 (po-si)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti
  - Sanskrit: प्रति (práti) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *pati (*r-less variant)
  - Avestan:
    Old Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (paⁱtī)
    
    Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti)
  - Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠patiy⁠/)
  - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patiš (“against”)
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬱 (paⁱtiš)
    - Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š /⁠patiš⁠/)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*próti 'zu – hin; entgegen, gegenüber; zurück'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 655-660
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1238
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πότι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1226
^ Jānis Endzelīns (transl. W. R. Schmalstieg & B. Jēgers) (1971) Comparative phonology and morphology of the Baltic languages, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 282

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*próti 'zu – hin; entgegen, gegenüber; zurück'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 655-660

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1238

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πότι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1226

[4] Jānis Endzelīns (transl. W. R. Schmalstieg & B. Jēgers) (1971) Comparative phonology and morphology of the Baltic languages, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 282

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