Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sth₂tós
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *steh₂- (“to stand up”) + *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).
Adjective
*sth₂tós (non-ablauting)[1][2][3][4][5]
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *sth₂tós | *sth₂téh₂ | |
| genitive | *sth₂tósyo | *sth₂téh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sth₂tós | *sth₂tóh₁ | *sth₂tóes |
| vocative | *sth₂té | *sth₂tóh₁ | *sth₂tóes |
| accusative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóh₁ | *sth₂tóms |
| genitive | *sth₂tósyo | *? | *sth₂tóHom |
| ablative | *sth₂téad | *? | *sth₂tómos, *sth₂tóbʰos |
| dative | *sth₂tóey | *? | *sth₂tómos, *sth₂tóbʰos |
| locative | *sth₂téy, *sth₂tóy | *? | *sth₂tóysu |
| instrumental | *sth₂tóh₁ | *? | *sth₂tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sth₂téh₂ | *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) | *sth₂téh₂es |
| vocative | *sth₂téh₂ | *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) | *sth₂téh₂es |
| accusative | *sth₂tā́m | *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) | *sth₂téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *sth₂téh₂s | *? | *sth₂téh₂oHom |
| ablative | *sth₂téh₂s | *? | *sth₂téh₂mos, *sth₂téh₂bʰos |
| dative | *sth₂téh₂ey | *? | *sth₂téh₂mos, *sth₂téh₂bʰos |
| locative | *sth₂téh₂, *sth₂téh₂i | *? | *sth₂téh₂su |
| instrumental | *sth₂téh₂h₁ | *? | *sth₂téh₂mis, *sth₂téh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóy(h₁) | *sth₂téh₂ |
| vocative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóy(h₁) | *sth₂téh₂ |
| accusative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóy(h₁) | *sth₂téh₂ |
| genitive | *sth₂tósyo | *? | *sth₂tóHom |
| ablative | *sth₂téad | *? | *sth₂tómos, *sth₂tóbʰos |
| dative | *sth₂tóey | *? | *sth₂tómos, *sth₂tóbʰos |
| locative | *sth₂téy, *sth₂tóy | *? | *sth₂tóysu |
| instrumental | *sth₂tóh₁ | *? | *sth₂tṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *(ambhi-)stata
- Albanian: (mbë)shtet
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stata- (“stood (up)”)[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *stadaz
- Proto-Hellenic: *statós[2]
- Ancient Greek: στᾰτός (stătós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰHtás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰHtás
- Proto-Iranian: *stHtáh
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (stāta)
- Parthian: (/ištād/, “situated”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫢𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʿštʾd)
- Old Persian: *𐎿𐎫𐎫 (*s-t-t /*stata/, “standed”)
- Middle Persian: (/istād/, “standed”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʿystʾd)
- Middle Persian: (/istād/, “standed”)
- Proto-Italic: *statos[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: status
References
- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στατός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kim, Ronald (2018) “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook[3], Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN