Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trémti
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic root present of *trem- (“to tremble”).
Verb
*trémti (imperfective)
- to be trembling
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *trémti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *tr̥ménti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *trémmi | *trḗm | — | *trémoh₂ | *tr̥myéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *trémsi | *tréms | *trém, *tr̥mdʰí | *trémesi | *tr̥myéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *trémti | *trémt | *trémtu | *trémeti | *tr̥myéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *tr̥mwós | *tr̥mwé | — | *trémowos | *tr̥mih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *tr̥mtés | *tr̥mtóm | *tr̥mtóm | *trémetes | *tr̥mih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *tr̥mtés | *tr̥mtā́m | *tr̥mtā́m | *trémetes | *tr̥mih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *tr̥mmós | *tr̥mmé | — | *trémomos | *tr̥mih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *tr̥mté | *tr̥mté | *tr̥mté | *trémete | *tr̥mih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *tr̥ménti | *tr̥mént | *tr̥méntu | *trémonti | *tr̥mih₁ént |
| Participle | *tr̥mónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *tr̥mh₂ér | *tr̥mh₂é | — | *trémoh₂er | *tr̥mih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *tr̥mth₂ér | *tr̥mth₂é | *tr̥msó | *trémeth₂er | *tr̥mih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *tr̥mtór, *tr̥mór | *tr̥mtó, *tr̥mó | *? | *trémetor | *tr̥mih₁tó, *tr̥mih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *tr̥mwósdʰh₂ | *tr̥mwédʰh₂ | — | *trémowosdʰh₂ | *tr̥mih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *tr̥mmósdʰh₂ | *tr̥mmédʰh₂ | — | *trémomosdʰh₂ | *tr̥mih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *tr̥mdʰh₂wé | *tr̥mdʰh₂wé | *tr̥mdʰh₂wé | *trémedʰh₂we | *tr̥mih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *tr̥mn̥tór, *tr̥mrór | *tr̥mn̥tó, *tr̥mró | *? | *trémontor | *tr̥mih₁ró |
| Participle | *tr̥mm̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *trema
- Albanian: tremb
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *trémtei
- Proto-Hellenic: *trémō
- Ancient Greek: τρέμω (trémō)
- Proto-Italic: *tremō
- Latin: tremō (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: trämäs
References
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tremb”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 463-464
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τρέμω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1502-1503
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “tremō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 628