Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wósh₂r̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Unknown root *wesh₂- +‎ *-r̥.

Noun

*wósh₂r̥ n^[1]^[2]

(wild) garlic, onion (genus Allium)
Synonyms: *kermus-, *kromus-

Inflection

(Possibly) Older pattern:

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular	collective
nominative	*wósh₂r̥	*wésh₂ōr
genitive	*wésh₂n̥s	*ush₂nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wésh₂ōr
vocative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wésh₂ōr
accusative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wésh₂ōr
genitive	*wésh₂n̥s	—	—	*ush₂nés
ablative	*wésh₂n̥s	—	—	*ush₂nés
dative	*wésh₂ney	—	—	*ush₂néy
locative	wésh₂n̥, wésh₂ni	—	—	ush₂én, ush₂éni
instrumental	*wésh₂n̥h₁	—	—	*ush₂néh₁

(Possibly) Later patterns:

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular	collective
nominative	*wósh₂r̥	*wésh₂ōr
genitive	*ush₂éns	*ush₂nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wésh₂ōr
vocative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wésh₂ōr
accusative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wésh₂ōr
genitive	*ush₂éns	—	—	*ush₂nés
ablative	*ush₂éns	—	—	*ush₂nés
dative	*ush₂éney	—	—	*ush₂néy
locative	ush₂én, ush₂éni	—	—	ush₂én, ush₂éni
instrumental	*ush₂énh₁	—	—	*ush₂néh₁

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular	collective
nominative	*wósh₂r̥	*wósh₂ōr
genitive	*ush₂nés	*ush₂nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wósh₂ōr
vocative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wósh₂ōr
accusative	*wósh₂r̥	—	—	*wósh₂ōr
genitive	*ush₂nés	—	—	*ush₂nés
ablative	*ush₂nés	—	—	*ush₂nés
dative	*ush₂néy	—	—	*ush₂néy
locative	ush₂én, ush₂éni	—	—	ush₂én, ush₂éni
instrumental	*ush₂néh₁	—	—	*ush₂néh₁

Alternative reconstructions

*wósHr̥ ~ *usH-n-ós^[1]

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian: *wósHr̥
- Hittite: 𒉿𒀸𒄯 (wašḫar)^[2]
  - ⇒ 𒋗𒌒𒁉𒉿𒀸𒄯 (šuppi-wašḫar, literally “pure onion?”)^[3]^{[note 1]}
⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: [Term?] f (“thistle”) (thematicized)^{[note 2]}
- Proto-Baltic:
  - Latgalian: usne
  - Latvian: usne
  - Lithuanian: usni̇̀s, usnė f
  - Samogitian: osnės, osnis, osnė
- Proto-Slavic: *ušь
  - Old East Slavic: оушь (ušĭ)
⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ušnás m (thematicized from the genitive)^{[note 3]}
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *uṣṇás
  - Sanskrit: उष्ण m (uṣṇá)
    - Dardic:
      - Khowar: وریݱنُو (wreẓnú, “garlic”), وظنو (wǝẓnū)
    - → Odia: ଉଷ୍ଣ (uṣṇa) (learned)
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Pashto: اوږه (uǵa, “garlic”)
⇒ Proto-Italic: *uznjō m (thematicized with *-jō)
- Latin: ūniō (see there for further descendants)

Notes

^ Preserves the r/n-heteroclitic inflection, which was lost in other branches (which only attest the weak suffix *-n-), and so largely provides the basis for this reconstruction.
^ Perhaps based on the bulb-like carduoid shape of a thistle flowerhead and its use as a vegetable.
^ With unexpected deletion of the laryngeal.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2006) “The Hittite Name for ‘Garlic’”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 59, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, →DOI, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 341–345
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯ašḫar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 982: “PIE *uosh₂-r/n- ?”
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šuppiu̯ašḫar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 791–792

[4] Preserves the r/n-heteroclitic inflection, which was lost in other branches (which only attest the weak suffix *-n-), and so largely provides the basis for this reconstruction.

[5] Perhaps based on the bulb-like carduoid shape of a thistle flowerhead and its use as a vegetable.

[6] With unexpected deletion of the laryngeal.

[Witczak-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz (2006) “The Hittite Name for ‘Garlic’”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 59, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, →DOI, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 341–345

[EDHIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯ašḫar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 982: “PIE *uosh₂-r/n- ?”

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “šuppiu̯ašḫar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 791–792

[1]

[2]

[3]

[note 1]

[note 2]

[note 3]