Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
*(ó)-r̥ or *(é)-r̥ n
- Derives nouns from roots, frequently mass nouns.
Inflection
Older acrostatic pattern:
| Athematic, acrostatic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | collective | |||
| nominative | *(ó)-r̥ | *(é)-ōr | ||
| genitive | *(é)-n̥s | *(Ø)-nés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | collective | |
| nominative | *(ó)-r̥ | *(ó)-rih₁ | *(ó)-r̥h₂ | *(é)-ōr |
| vocative | *(ó)-r̥ | *(ó)-rih₁ | *(ó)-r̥h₂ | *(é)-ōr |
| accusative | *(ó)-r̥ | *(ó)-rih₁ | *(ó)-r̥h₂ | *(é)-ōr |
| genitive | *(é)-n̥s | *? | *(é)-noHom | *(Ø)-nés |
| ablative | *(é)-n̥s | *? | *(é)-n̥mos, *(é)-n̥bʰos | *(Ø)-nés |
| dative | *(é)-ney | *? | *(é)-n̥mos, *(é)-n̥bʰos | *(Ø)-néy |
| locative | *(é)-n̥, *(é)-ni | *? | *(é)-n̥su | *(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni |
| instrumental | *(é)-n̥h₁ | *? | *(é)-n̥mis, *(é)-n̥bʰis | *(Ø)-néh₁ |
Later proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | collective | |||
| nominative | *(é)-r̥ | *(é)-ōr | ||
| genitive | *(Ø)-éns | *(Ø)-nés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | collective | |
| nominative | *(é)-r̥ | *(é)-rih₁ | *(é)-r̥h₂ | *(é)-ōr |
| vocative | *(é)-r̥ | *(é)-rih₁ | *(é)-r̥h₂ | *(é)-ōr |
| accusative | *(é)-r̥ | *(é)-rih₁ | *(é)-r̥h₂ | *(é)-ōr |
| genitive | *(Ø)-éns | *? | *(Ø)-énoHom | *(Ø)-nés |
| ablative | *(Ø)-éns | *? | *(Ø)-énmos, *(Ø)-énbʰos | *(Ø)-nés |
| dative | *(Ø)-éney | *? | *(Ø)-énmos, *(Ø)-énbʰos | *(Ø)-néy |
| locative | *(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni | *? | *(Ø)-énsu | *(Ø)-én, *(Ø)-éni |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-énh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-énmis, *(Ø)-énbʰis | *(Ø)-néh₁ |
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-r̥
Descendants
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: -𒅈 (-ar)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-ər
- Ancient Greek: -αρ ~ -ατος (-ar ~ -atos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-r̥
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-r̥
- Sanskrit: -र् (-r)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-r̥
- Proto-Italic: *-or ~ *-enes