Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wódr̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *wed- (“water”) +‎ *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix).

Noun

*wódr̥ n

water

Inflection

Older acrostatic pattern:

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular	collective
nominative	*wódr̥	*wédōr
genitive	*wédn̥s	*udnés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*wódr̥	—	—	*wédōr
vocative	*wódr̥	—	—	*wédōr
accusative	*wódr̥	—	—	*wédōr
genitive	*wédn̥s	—	—	*udnés
ablative	*wédn̥s	—	—	*udnés
dative	*wédney	—	—	*udnéy
locative	wédn̥, wédni	—	—	udén, udéni
instrumental	*wédn̥h₁	—	—	*udnéh₁

Later proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular	collective
nominative	*wódr̥	*wédōr
genitive	*udéns	*udnés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*wódr̥	—	—	*wédōr
vocative	*wódr̥	—	—	*wédōr
accusative	*wódr̥	—	—	*wédōr
genitive	*udéns	—	—	*udnés
ablative	*udéns	—	—	*udnés
dative	*udéney	—	—	*udnéy
locative	udén, udéni	—	—	udén, udéni
instrumental	*udénh₁	—	—	*udnéh₁

Synonyms

Derived terms

*udn-eh₂ n pl
- ⇒? Latin: unda f (“wave”)^[1] (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *udrjā
- Albanian: ujë
Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar)
- Luwian: 𒉿𒀀𒅈𒊭 (wārsa)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wandō (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-Celtic: *udenskyos (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *watōr (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *údōr
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀄𐀈 (u-do /⁠údōr⁠/)
- Ancient Greek: ὕδωρ (húdōr) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáHr̥ (assuming a change d > h₁ in the nom. sg.)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáHr̥
  - Sanskrit: उदन् (udán) (from the oblique stem), वार् (vār) (possibly from the nominative) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *udōr
- Umbrian: 𐌖𐌕𐌖𐌓 (utur)^[1]
Phrygian: βέδυ (bédu)
Proto-Tocharian: *wär
- Tocharian A: wär
- Tocharian B: war

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “unda”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2013) “The Vedic Paradigm for ‘water’”, in Adam Cooper, Jeremy Rau, and Michael Weiss, editors, Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European Linguistics in Honor Of Alan J. Nussbaum, on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday, Beech Stave Press, →ISBN

[deVaan-1] 1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “unda”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641

[Lubotsky_2013-2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2013) “The Vedic Paradigm for ‘water’”, in Adam Cooper, Jeremy Rau, and Michael Weiss, editors, Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European Linguistics in Honor Of Alan J. Nussbaum, on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday, Beech Stave Press, →ISBN

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