वार्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- वारि (vāri)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱাৰ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬵᬃ (Balinese script)
- বার্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰯𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀸𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ဝါရ် (Burmese script)
- વાર્ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਾਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌾𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦴꦂ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂰𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ವಾರ್ (Kannada script)
- វារ៑ (Khmer script)
- ວາຣ຺ (Lao script)
- വാര് (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᡵ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘰𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠠᢗᠷ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧑𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐵𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଵାର୍ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢵꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆳𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖯𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
- වාර් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩛𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚭𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
- வார் (Tamil script)
- వార్ (Telugu script)
- วารฺ (Thai script)
- ཝཱ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒰𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨊𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáHr̥, derived from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (through the "Kortlandt effect", which posits that *d becomes *h₁ under certain conditions). Compare Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬭 (vār), Persian باران (bârân, “rain”), Latin ūrīna, ūrīnārī, Old English ūrig (“moist”), Old Prussian wurs (“pool”), perhaps Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ, “mud”) and Proto-Slavic *varъ.
Pronunciation
- (Early Rigvedic): IPA(key): /ʋɐ́.ɐɾ/
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋɑ́ːɾ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋɑːɾ/
Noun
वार् • (vā́r) stem, n
- water
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.112.4:
- अश्वो॒ वोळ्हा॑ सु॒खं रथं॑ हस॒नामु॑पम॒न्त्रिणः॑ ।
शेपो॒ रोम॑ण्वन्तौ भे॒दौ वार्इन्म॒ण्डूक॑ इच्छ॒तीन्द्रा॑येन्दो॒ परि॑ स्रव ॥- áśvo vóḷhā sukháṃ ráthaṃ hasanā́mupamantríṇaḥ.
śépo rómaṇvantau bhedaú vā́rínmaṇḍū́ka icchatī́ndrāyendo pári srava. - The draught horse (desire) a cart easy (to draw); those who invite guests (desire) merriment; the frog desires water; flow, Indu, for Indra.
- áśvo vóḷhā sukháṃ ráthaṃ hasanā́mupamantríṇaḥ.
- अश्वो॒ वोळ्हा॑ सु॒खं रथं॑ हस॒नामु॑पम॒न्त्रिणः॑ ।
- stagnant water, a pond, pool
Usage notes
In the Rigveda, वार् (vā́r) is only attested in the nom./acc.sg. and forms a suppletive paradigm with उदन् (udán).
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वाः (vā́ḥ) | वारी (vārī́) | वारि (vā́ri) |
| accusative | वाः (vā́ḥ) | वारी (vārī́) | वारि (vā́ri) |
| instrumental | वारा (vārā́) | वार्भ्याम् (vārbhyā́m) | वार्भिः (vārbhíḥ) |
| dative | वारे (vāré) | वार्भ्याम् (vārbhyā́m) | वार्भ्यः (vārbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | वारः (vāráḥ) | वार्भ्याम् (vārbhyā́m) | वार्भ्यः (vārbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | वारः (vāráḥ) | वारोः (vāróḥ) | वाराम् (vārā́m) |
| locative | वारि (vārí) | वारोः (vāróḥ) | वार्षु (vārṣú) |
| vocative | वाः (vā́ḥ) | वारी (vā́rī) | वारि (vā́ri) |
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वार्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 943, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “vā́r-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 544-5
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2013) “The Vedic Paradigm for ‘water’”, in Adam Cooper, Jeremy Rau, and Michael Weiss, editors, Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European Linguistics in Honor Of Alan J. Nussbaum, on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday, Beech Stave Press, →ISBN