Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/webʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Alternative reconstructions

    Root

    *webʰ-[3]

    1. to weave, braid

    Reconstruction notes

    Beekes reconstructs *h₁webʰ- with the laryngeal on the basis of the initial vowel in Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀸𐀟𐀮𐀰𐀕𐀙 (e-we-pe-se-so-me-na /⁠ewepsēsomena⁠/, “which are to be woven”).[1]

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *webʰ- (19 c, 0 e)
    • *wébʰ-e-ti ~ *wébʰ-o-nti (thematic root present)
      • Proto-Germanic: *webaną[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • *wébʰ-ti ~ *ubʰ-énti (athematic root present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wabdʰi
        • Proto-Iranian: *wabdi
          • Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬟- (vaf-, “to weave”)
          • Parthian: wfyd (ind.3sg.)
          • Old Persian:
            • Middle Persian: wp- (waf-)
    • *wobʰ-éye-ti (causative)[5]
      • Proto-Germanic: *wabjaną (see there for further descendants)
    • *u-né-bʰ-ti ~ *u-m-bʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *umbʰáti
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *umbʰáti
          • Sanskrit: उम्भति (umbháti), उनब्द्धि (unábddhi)
    • *ubʰ-néH-ti ~ *ubʰ-nH-énti (*néH-present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ubʰnáHti
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ubʰnā́ti
        • Proto-Iranian: *ubnáHti
          • Northern Kurdish: hûnan
    • *ubʰ-yéti ~ *ubʰ-yónti (*yé-present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ubʰyáti
        • Proto-Iranian: *ubyáti
          • Avestan: 𐬎𐬟𐬌𐬌𐬀- (ufiia-, “to weave, to web”)
    • *wobʰ-eh₂-ti (o-grade eh₂-iterative-intensive)
      • Proto-Tocharian: *wäp- (“to weave, braid”)
    • *webʰ-n- (either denominal from an n-stem or deverbal from an n-infixed verb)
      • ⇒ *webʰ-n-ye-
    • *wobʰ-ó-s
      • Proto-Tocharian: *yape (“spider”)
    • *ubʰ-éh₂
    • *ubʰ-tó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ubdʰás
        • Proto-Iranian: *ubdáh
          • Avestan: 𐬎𐬠𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (ubdaēna, “made of cloth”)
    • *wébʰ-os (neuter *-os result noun)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: ὕφος (húphos, “web”) (with analogical zero grade)
    • *wóbʰ-s-eh₂
    • *wébʰ-tis
      • Proto-Germanic: *wiftiz (see there for further descendants)
    • *wobʰ-yo-m[6]
      • Proto-Germanic: *wabją (“web”) (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Germanic: *wabōną, *wabijaną (“to wave”)
      • Old English: wafian (“to wave”)
      • Middle High German: waben (“to wave, undulate”)
      • Old Norse: váfa
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wabʰuš
      • Proto-Iranian: *wabuš
        • Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬟𐬏𐬱 (vafūš, “hymn, web”)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὑφαίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1540
    2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    3. ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “weven”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎[2] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*weban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 576
    5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wabjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564
    6. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wabja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 563
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