Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weys-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weys-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to raise, increase
to produce, procreate

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weys- (6 c, 0 e)

*wéys-ti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wéištei
  - Latvian: viest (“to rear, raise, increase”)
  - Lithuanian: vei̇̃sti (“to breed, rear”)
*wéys-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždʰHati
  - Proto-Iranian: *wáyždHati^[4]
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬋𐬌𐬲𐬛𐬀𐬝 (vōiždat̰, “to raise”)
- ⇒ *wéysdʰ-ti ~ *wisdʰ-én-ti (athematic root present)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáyždᶻdʰi
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáyḍḍʰi
      - Sanskrit: विड्ढि (viḍḍhí, “to labour, produce”, 2sg.imp.)
*wis-né-s-ti ~ *wis-n̥-s-én-ti (nasal-infix)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: vi̇̀sti (“to multiply, breed”)
*wis-éh₁-ye-ti (stative)
- Proto-Italic: *wizēō
  - Latin: vireō (see there for further descendants)
*wí-weys-ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíwayšti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíwayṣṭi
    - Sanskrit: विवेष्टि (víveṣṭi, “to labour, produce”)

*woys-ó-s (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Albanian: *waiša
  - Albanian: vesh m (“grape, wine grape”)
*wóys-eh₂ (“fruit, sprout”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *waišāˀ
  - Lithuanian: vai̇̃sius (“fruit”)
  - Old Prussian: wēisin (“fruit”, acc.sg.)
  - Proto-Slavic: *věxà (“straw bundle”)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *waisō (“sprout, stem”)^[5]
  - Old English: wīse
  - Old Saxon: wisa
    - Middle Low German: wēse
      - Low German: Wees
    - ⇒ Old Saxon: wiska
      - Middle Low German: wische
        Low German: Wisch
  - Old Dutch:
    - Middle Dutch: wēse; wisch
  - Old High German: wīsa
    - Middle High German: wise
      - German: Wiese
  - Old Norse: vísir
    - Norwegian: veis

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 672
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 671-672

[LIV_u̯ei̯s-3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3.*u̯ei̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 672

[Cheung-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯aižd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416

[HGE-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waisō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]