Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*yes-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to foam
to boil

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *yes- (8 c, 0 e)

*yés-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *jesaną (“to ferment”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *dzehō
  - Ancient Greek: ζέω (zéō)
- Proto-Tocharian: *yäs-
  - Tocharian A: yäs (“boil”)
*yé-yes-ti ~ *yé-ys-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáyasti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáyasti
    - Vedic Sanskrit: ययस्तु (yayastu, 3sg.impv.act.)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: येषति (yéṣati) (thematized from weak stem)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yaēšiieⁱti, “to boil”) (with *-ya- added to weak stem^[1])
*yós-e-ti (o-grade root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *jasaną
  - Old Norse: *asa
    - Icelandic: asa
    - Faroese: asa
    - Norwegian: ase
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *jōsiz
    - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *jōsijaną (see there for further descendants)
*yos-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *jazjaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yāsáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yāsáyati
    - Sanskrit: यासयति (yāsáyati)
*yés-tu-s ~ *is-téw-s
- Proto-Celtic: *yestus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *jestuz (“yeast”) (see there for further descendants)
*yēs-éh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *jēzō

Unsorted formations

Classical Persian: جوش (jōš, “boiling”)^[4]
- ⇒ Classical Persian: جوشیدن (jōšīdan, “to boil”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 312-3
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 499-500
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*jesan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 273
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯ah”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 209-210

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 312-3

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 499-500

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*jesan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 273

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯ah”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 209-210

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