Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰástas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-t-o-s, *ǵʰos-t-o-s, from *ǵʰes-.

Noun

*ȷ́ʰástas m

hand

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ʰástas	*ȷ́ʰástā(w)	*ȷ́ʰástās(as)
vocative	*ȷ́ʰásta	*ȷ́ʰástā(w)	*ȷ́ʰástās(as)
accusative	*ȷ́ʰástam	*ȷ́ʰástā(w)	*ȷ́ʰástāns
instrumental	*ȷ́ʰástaH	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ʰástāyš
ablative	*ȷ́ʰástāt	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ʰástāy	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ʰástaybʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ʰástasya	*ȷ́ʰástayās	*ȷ́ʰástānaHam
locative	*ȷ́ʰástay	*ȷ́ʰástayaw	*ȷ́ʰástayšu

Reconstruction notes

The Iranian (with the exception of Avestan) and Nuristani forms show an initial d, possibly due to contamination with *dáwš or dissimilation.^[1]

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰástas
- Sanskrit: हस्त (hásta) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *jástah, *dástah (probable dissimilation)
- Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta)
- Bactrian: λιστο (listo)
- Gurani: دەس (das)
- Northern Kurdish: dest
- Old Persian: 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /⁠dasta⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (dast)
    - Persian: دست (dast)
- Parthian: dst (dast)
- Pashto: لاس (lās)
- Zazaki: dest (dast)
Proto-Nuristani: *dásta (probable dissimilation)
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: dǘšt
    
    Kativiri: dúšt
  - Prasuni: lust
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: dóst
  - Tregami: dö́š
  - Waigali: dost

References

^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎^[1]

[1] Strand, Richard F. (2016) Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎^[1]

[1]