हस्त

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 28 December 2022

Alternative scripts

হস্ত (Assamese script)
ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (Balinese script)
হস্ত (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰭𑰿𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢 (Brahmi script)
ဟသ္တ (Burmese script)
હસ્ત (Gujarati script)
ਹਸ੍ਤ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌹𑌸𑍍𑌤 (Grantha script)
ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (Javanese script)
𑂯𑂮𑂹𑂞 (Kaithi script)
ಹಸ್ತ (Kannada script)
ហស្ត (Khmer script)
ຫສ຺ຕ (Lao script)
ഹസ്ത (Malayalam script)
ᡥᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (Modi script)
ᠾᠠᠰᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧎𑧍𑧠𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐳𑑂𑐟 (Newa script)
ହସ୍ତ (Odia script)
ꢲꢱ꣄ꢡ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆱𑇀𑆠 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖭𑖿𑖝 (Siddham script)
හස‍්ත (Sinhalese script)
𑪂𑪁 𑪙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
𑚩𑚨𑚶𑚙 (Takri script)
ஹஸ்த (Tamil script)
హస్త (Telugu script)
หสฺต (Thai script)
ཧ་སྟ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒮𑓂𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
𑨱𑨰𑩇𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas

Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-.

Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /⁠dasta⁠/) (whence modern Persian (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɐ́s.tɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦɐs̪.t̪ɐ/

Noun

हस्त • (hásta) stem, m

the hand
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.33.7:
  क्व१॒॑स्य ते॑ रुद्र मृळ॒याकु॒र् हस्तो॒ यो अस्ति॑ भेष॒जो जला॑षः ।
  अ॒प॒भ॒र्ता रप॑सो॒ दैव्य॑स्या॒भी नु मा॑ वृषभ चक्षमीथाः ॥
  kvàsyá te rudra mṛḷayā́kur hásto yó ásti bheṣajó jálāṣaḥ.
  apabhartā́ rápaso daívyasyābhī́ nú mā vṛṣabha cakṣamīthāḥ.
  Where is that gracious hand of yours, O Rudra, that gives health and brings comfort,
  O remover of the woe that Gods have sent us? O Strong One, look on me with compassion.
an elephant's trunk
the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)
(astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)
(prosody) an anapest

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हस्त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हस्तः (hástaḥ)	हस्तौ (hástau) हस्ता¹ (hástā¹)	हस्ताः (hástāḥ) हस्तासः¹ (hástāsaḥ¹)
accusative	हस्तम् (hástam)	हस्तौ (hástau) हस्ता¹ (hástā¹)	हस्तान् (hástān)
instrumental	हस्तेन (hástena)	हस्ताभ्याम् (hástābhyām)	हस्तैः (hástaiḥ) हस्तेभिः¹ (hástebhiḥ¹)
dative	हस्ताय (hástāya)	हस्ताभ्याम् (hástābhyām)	हस्तेभ्यः (hástebhyaḥ)
ablative	हस्तात् (hástāt)	हस्ताभ्याम् (hástābhyām)	हस्तेभ्यः (hástebhyaḥ)
genitive	हस्तस्य (hástasya)	हस्तयोः (hástayoḥ)	हस्तानाम् (hástānām)
locative	हस्ते (háste)	हस्तयोः (hástayoḥ)	हस्तेषु (hásteṣu)
vocative	हस्त (hásta)	हस्तौ (hástau) हस्ता¹ (hástā¹)	हस्ताः (hástāḥ) हस्तासः¹ (hástāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)
- Khowar: ہوست (host)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
- Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Eastern Hindi:
    - Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
  - Western Hindi:
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: हाथ (hāth)
      - Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Bengali-Assamese:
    - Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
      - Assamese: হাত (hat)
    - Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
      - Bengali: হাত (hat)
      - Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
      - Rohingya: hát
      - Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
    - Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
  - Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
  - Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
  - Sinhalese: අත (ata)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
  - Nepali: हात (hāt)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Kachchi: હથ (hath)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ (hattha)
    Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ (hathh)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: هَٿُ
    Devanagari script: हथु
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Konkani:
    - Devanagari script: हात (hāt)
    - Kannada script: ಹಾತ್ (hāt)
    - Latin script: hat
  - Old Marathi:
    - Modi script: 𑘮𑘞 (hatha), 𑘮𑘰𑘘 (hāṭa), 𑘮𑘰𑘝 (hāta), 𑘮𑘰𑘞 (hātha)
    - Devanagari script: हथ (hatha), हाट (hāṭa), हात (hāta), हाथ (hātha)
      - Marathi: हात (hāt)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
    - Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
    - Malvi: हात (hāt)
    - Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
  - Romani: vast
Pali: hattha
- → Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
- → Thai: หัตถ์
→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)
→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)
→ Malay: hasta
- Indonesian: hasta
→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)
→ Old Javanese: hasta
- Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
- → Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)
→ Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)
- → Marathi: हस्त (hasta)
→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)
→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “हस्त”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1294.
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “हस्त”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हस्त”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 812
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hásta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press