Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
A derivative of the root noun *ȷ́ʰā́rd, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr, with an oblique stem *ḱr̥d-. The initial voiced aspirate is left unexplained.
Noun
*ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam n[1]
Inflection
| neuter a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayay | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaH |
| vocative | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayay | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaH |
| accusative | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayay | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaH |
| instrumental | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaH | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaybʰyā(m) | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayāyš |
| ablative | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayāt | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaybʰyā(m) | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaybʰyas |
| dative | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayāy | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaybʰyā(m) | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayaybʰyas |
| genitive | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayasya | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayayās | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayānaHam |
| locative | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayay | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayayaw | *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayayšu |
Reconstruction notes
Sanskrit हृदय (hṛ́daya) and Pashto زړه (zrë) disagree with each other on where the accent in this word is. Sanskrit implies accent on the first syllable, while Pashto implies second-syllable accent. Cheung has conjectured that the Pashto-implied accent position may be primary,[2] while Kümmel takes the Sanskrit position as primary.[3]
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰŕ̥dayam
- Sanskrit: हृदय (hṛ́daya) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *jr̥dáyam (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Nuristani: *dzr̥de (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “hŕ̥d”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 230: “j́ʰrdaia-”
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2010) “Selected Pashto Problems I. The accent in Pashto”, in Persica[1], volume 23, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, page 116 of 109-121
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2015) Developments in the dissolution of the Indo-Iranian accent system (ICHL 22, Naples)[2]