Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hr̥túš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ér-tus ~ *h₂r̥-téw-s, from *h₂er- (“to fix”).

    Noun

    *Hr̥túš m[1]

    1. fixed point of time, period, epoch
    2. fixed order, rule

    Inflection

    masculine u-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *Hr̥túš *Hr̥túH *Hr̥táwas
    vocative *Hŕ̥taw *Hŕ̥tuH *Hŕ̥tawas
    accusative *Hr̥túm *Hr̥túH *Hr̥túnš
    instrumental *Hr̥túH *Hr̥túbʰyā(m) *Hr̥túbʰiš
    ablative *Hr̥táwš *Hr̥túbʰyā(m) *Hr̥túbʰyas
    dative *Hr̥táway *Hr̥túbʰyā(m) *Hr̥túbʰyas
    genitive *Hr̥táwš *Hr̥tuwā́s *Hr̥tuHnáHam
    locative *Hr̥tā́w *Hr̥tuwáw *Hr̥túšu

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥túṣ
      • Sanskrit: ऋतु (ṛtú) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥túš
      • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (ratu, “judgement; period of time”)
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (rūtā, “season”)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠rətu ~ ratu⁠/, “period of 10 seconds”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫤𐫇 (rtw), 𐫡𐫤𐫤𐫇 (rttw)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠rad⁠/, “chief, master; judge”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lt')
        • Classical Persian: رد (rad, “sage, wise man”)
        • → Aramaic: ܪܕ (rd /⁠rad⁠/, “ruler”)

    References

    1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “r̥tú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 428
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