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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós.
Verb
*mr̥tás
- past participle of *márti (“to die”)
Adjective
*mr̥tás
- dead
- mortal
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥tás
- Sanskrit: मृत (mṛtá) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: मर्त (márta, “mortal, man”)
- Proto-Iranian: *mr̥táh
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mərəta, “dead”)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: mêr (“man”), Northern Kurdish: mirî (“dead”)
- Old Persian: 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 (m-r-t-i-y, “man”)
- Middle Persian: mlt' (mard)
- Persian: مرد (mard)
- → Azerbaijani: mərd, Mərdan
- → Bengali: মরদ (morod)
- → Gujarati: મરદ (marad), મર્દ (mard)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: मर्द (mard)
- Urdu: مرد (mard)
- → Ottoman Turkish: مرد (merd, mert)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਮਰਦ (marad)
- Shahmukhi script: مرد (mard)
- → Uyghur: مەرت (mert)
- → Uzbek: mard
- Persian: مرده (morde, “dead”)
- → Proto-Finnic: *mardas (“dead”) (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Finno-Permic: *mertä (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Nuristani: *mritá
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: mřë́
- Kativiri: mřë́
- Prasuni: mo-
- Southern Nuristani:
- Ashkun: mřë́
- Waigali: mňo-