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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.
Noun
*Hŕ̥šah m
- bear
Inflection
| masculine a-stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*Hŕ̥šah
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*Hŕ̥šā(w)
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*Hŕ̥šāh(ah)
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| vocative
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*Hŕ̥ša
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*Hŕ̥šā(w)
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*Hŕ̥šāh(ah)
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| accusative
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*Hŕ̥šam
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*Hŕ̥šā(w)
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*Hŕ̥šānh
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| instrumental
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*Hŕ̥šaH
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*Hŕ̥šaybʰyā(m)
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*Hŕ̥šāyš
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| ablative
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*Hŕ̥šāt
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*Hŕ̥šaybʰyā(m)
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*Hŕ̥šaybʰyah
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| dative
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*Hŕ̥šāy
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*Hŕ̥šaybʰyā(m)
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*Hŕ̥šaybʰyah
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| genitive
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*Hŕ̥šahya
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*Hŕ̥šayāh
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*Hŕ̥šānaHam
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| locative
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*Hŕ̥šay
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*Hŕ̥šayaw
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*Hŕ̥šayšu
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Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *ārši
- Proto-Sarmatian: *ārs
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ārri
- Khotanese: [script needed] (arrä)
- Proto-Sogdic:
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ašša)
- Yagnobi: аш (aš)
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: يږ (yëģ), يګ (yëg), هيږ (hiģ)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
- Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
- Sarikoli: yürx
- Shughni: йӯрх̌ (yūrx̌)
- Yidgha: یرش (yerš)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: رش (riš), (Western) ہرس (hirs)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ورچ (wirç), وورچ (wurç)
- Northern Kurdish: hirç, hurç
- Southern Kurdish: ھرچ (hirç), ھرس (hirs), ھرز (hirz) (in some southern dialects)
- Laki: خرس (xirs)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
- Mazanderani: اش (aš), ارش (arš)
- Sangisari: اش (aš)
- Old Median: *r̥šah
- Karingani: ارش (arš)
- Talysh: هرس (hers)
- Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
- Gurani: ھەشە (haša), حەشە (ḥaša)
- Zazaki: heş (ḥaš), heşı
- Southwest Iranian:
- Old Persian: *r̥šah
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hls /xirs/) (prothetic unetymological x-)
- Lurish:
- Northern Luri: خئرس (xers)
- Bakhtiari: خرس (xers)
- Classical Persian: خرس (xirs)
- Iranian Persian: خرس (xers)
- Judeo-Tat:
- Cyrillic script: хуьрс (xyrs)
- Hebrew script: כאורס (xyrs)
- Tajik: хирс (xirs)
- → Khwarezmian: [script needed] (hrs /*hirs/)
- → Gilaki: خرس (xərs)
- → Sanglechi: xars
- → Talysh: خرس (xərs)
- → Wakhi: xers