Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mā́Hah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has

Proto-Iranian *mā́Hah

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́Has, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.

Noun

*mā́Hah m^[1]

moon
month

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mā́Hah	*mā́Hahā(w)	*mā́Hahah
vocative	*mā́Hah	*mā́Hahā(w)	*mā́Hahah
accusative	*mā́Haham	*mā́Hahā(w)	*máHahah
instrumental	*máHahaH	*máHahbʰyā(m)	*máHahbʰiš
ablative	*máHahah	*máHahbʰyā(m)	*máHahbʰyaH
dative	*máHahay	*máHahbʰyā(m)	*máHahbʰyaH
genitive	*máHahah	*máHahHāh	*máHahaHam
locative	*mā́Hahi	*máHahHaw	*máHahu

Derived terms

*mā́Hhtáwbah (“moonlight”)
- East Central Iranian:
  - Ormuri: [script needed] (mātau)
  - Yagnobi: маҳтоб (mahtob)
- Southwest Iranian:
  - Kumzari: [script needed] (mētāw)
  - Persian: مهتاب (mahtâb)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬃 (mā̊), 𐬨𐬂𐬢𐬵 (måŋh, “month, moon”), 𐬨𐬃𐬢𐬵 (mā̊ŋh), 𐬨𐬂𐬢𐬵𐬀 (måŋha, “moon”)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Ossetian:
  Digor Ossetian: мӕйӕ (mæjæ)
  
  Iron Ossetian: мӕй (mæj)
- Saka:
  - Khotanese: 𑀫𑀆𑀲𑀢𑀅 (maāsataa /⁠māstä⁠/)
  - Wakhi: mы̄y
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian:
    Greek: μαο (mao /⁠mā⁠/), μαυο (mauo /⁠māh⁠/)
  - Sogdic: [script needed] (*mą̄́h)^[2]
    - Sogdian: (/⁠māx⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫟 (mʾx)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼰𐼲𐼳 (mʾɣh), 𐼺𐼰𐼲 (mʾɣ), 𐼺𐼰𐼶 (mʾx)
      
      Syriac script: ܡܐݎ (mʾx)
    - Yagnobi: маҳтоб (mahtob)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Parachi: mahȫk
- Pashto: مياشت (myāšt)
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (mā)
- Shugni-Yazghulami:
  - Shugni-Roshani
    - Sarikoli: most
    - Shughni: ме̂ст (mêst), (Khufi, Rushani) мест (mēst)
  - Yazghulami: маст (mast)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: meh (“month”)
  - Central Kurdish: مانگ (mang, “month, moon”)
  - Southern Kurdish: مانگ (mang, “month, moon”)
  - Laki: مونگ (mung, “month, moon”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Mazanderani: مونگ (mong)
  - Old Azari: مانک (mānak ~ mānk/g)
  - Parthian: 𐫖𐫀𐫆 (mʾẖ /⁠māh⁠/)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Gurani: مانگه (mānga, “month, moon”)
    - Zazaki: menge (“month”)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐏃 (m-a-h /⁠māhaʰ⁠⁠/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫆 (mʾẖ)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾh)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭩𐭥𐭧 (BYRH), 𐫖𐫀𐫆 (mʾẖ) — Manichaean
    Classical Persian: مَاه (māh), مه (mah) (poetic)
    → Gujarati: માહ (māh)
    → Hindustani:
    Hindi: माह (māh)
    Urdu: مَاہ (māh)
→ Old Armenian: մահիկ (mahik)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 198

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[Novák-2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 198

[1]

[2]