Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tatr̥wáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tatr̥wás, from Proto-Indo-European *tetr̥-wó-s,^[1] from *teter- (“hen-like bird”) +‎ *-wós, reduplicated onomatopoeia.^[2]^[3]

Cognate with Sanskrit तित्तिर (tittirá), Ancient Greek τέτραξ (tétrax, “type of bird”), τετράων (tetráōn, “grouse”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *teterwás (“grouse”), Latin turtur, Proto-Celtic *teteros (whence Middle Irish tethra), Proto-Germanic *þeduraz (“wood grouse, capercaillie”) (whence Old Norse þiðurr).

Noun

*tatr̥wáh m

pheasant

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tatr̥wáh	*tatr̥wā́(w)	*tatr̥wā́h(ah)
vocative	*tátr̥wa	*tátr̥wā(w)	*tátr̥wāh(ah)
accusative	*tatr̥wám	*tatr̥wā́(w)	*tatr̥wā́nh
instrumental	*tatr̥wáH	*tatr̥wáybʰyā(m)	*tatr̥wā́yš
ablative	*tatr̥wā́t	*tatr̥wáybʰyā(m)	*tatr̥wáybʰyah
dative	*tatr̥wā́y	*tatr̥wáybʰyā(m)	*tatr̥wáybʰyah
genitive	*tatr̥wáhya	*tatr̥wáyāh	*tatr̥wā́naHam
locative	*tatr̥wáy	*tatr̥wáyaw	*tatr̥wáyšu

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (ttatara, “partridge”)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ttr'w /⁠tatarw⁠/, “a kind of bird”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri: cindzarai
  - Parachi: tanzarai
- Pashto: تارو m (tārú, “francolin”)
- Shughni: тазарф (tazarf, “starling”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Old Median: τατύρας (tatúras, “pheasant”)
  - → Old Armenian: տատրակ (tatrak, “turtle dove”)
  - → Ancient Greek: τέταρος (tétaros, “pheasant”)
- Central Kurdish: تەزروو (tezrû)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ttl /⁠tatar(w)⁠/, “pheasant”), *tadurw
  - Classical Persian: تذرو (taðarw)
    - Iranian Persian: تذرو (tazarv), تدرو (tadarv, “pheasant”)
  - ⇒ Middle Persian: *tadurug, *tudurāg
    - → Arabic: تَدْرُج (tadruj), تَدْرُجَة (tadruja), دُرَّاج (durrāj)
      - → Persian: دُرَّاج (dorrâj), this blended with تذرو (tazarw) gives تراج (torrâj), and the first Arabic form blended with تذرو (tazarw) gives تذرج (tazaroj)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þedura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 535-536
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “tat(e)r-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1079
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέτραξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1473

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þedura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 535-536

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “tat(e)r-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1079

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέτραξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1473

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