Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kaən

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kaən/

Verb

*kaən

to eat (consume)

Descendants

Many descendants have simplified the vowel cluster in *kaən to *kan, those with -aə- only preserved in the Philippines and Sulawesi. Some languages prefixed *maN- or *ma- to this root.

Land Dayak
- Bau Bidayuh: man
Proto-Philippine:
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: mangan
  - Limos Kalinga: mangan
  - Pangasinan: mangan
- Central Luzon
  - Kapampangan: mangan
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Bikol Central: kakan, kaon
    - Cebuano: kaon
    - Hiligaynon: kaon
    - Sarangani Manobo: kaən
    - Tagalog: kain
  - Danao
    - Maguindanao: kan
    - Maranao: kan
  - Manobo
    - Sarangani Manobo: kaən
Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
- Proto-Malayic: *makan
  - Banjarese: makan
  - Iban: makai
  - Nuclear Malayic:
    - Malay: makan, mkn (Internet, text messaging)
      - > Indonesian: makan (inherited)
      - > North Moluccan Malay: makang (inherited)
    - Pattani Malay: ماکٍي (makɛ)
  - Urak Lawoi': มากัด (makat)
- Sundanese: hakan
Javanese: mangan
Celebic
- Balantak: kaan
- Saluan: kaan
Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Fordata: an
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Oceanic:
    - Southern Oceanic:
      - Mwotlap: gen
      - Vurës: gen
    - Central Pacific:
      - Fijian: kana
      - Proto-Polynesian: *kai
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Hawaiian: ʻai
        Maori: kai
        → English: kai
        Rapa Nui: kai
        Tongan: kai
    - → Tok Pisin: kai