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This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.
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Proto-Ryukyuan
Etymology 1
From Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”).
Particle
*kara
- ablative marker
Descendants
- Northern Ryukyuan:
- Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)
- Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)
- Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)
- Okinawan: から (kara)
- Okinoerabu: から (kara)
- Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)
- Tokunoshima: から (kara)
- Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
- Miyako: から (kara)
- Yaeyama: から (kara)
- Yonaguni: がら (gara)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).
Adjective
*kara
- sharp of flavor
- salty
- spicy
- strong (of alcohol)
- harsh
Descendants
- Northern Ryukyuan:
- Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)
- Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)
- Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)
- Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
- Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)
- Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)
- Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)
- Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
- Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)
- Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
- Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)