Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šikar-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šikar- m

alcoholic drink

Inflection

Declension of *šikar-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*šikarum	*šikarāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*šikaram	*šikarayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*šikarim	*šikarayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	šikarī / šikarVya	—	*šikarVni
2^nd person m	*šikarVka	šikarVkumā / šikarVkumay	*šikarVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*šikarVki	šikarVkumā / šikarVkumay	*šikarVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*šikarVšu	šikarVšumā / šikarVšumay	*šikarVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*šikarVša	šikarVšumā / šikarVšumay	*šikarVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šikaruya for nom. case, *šikariya for gen. case, *šikaraya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒁉 m (šikarum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: سَكَر m (sakar)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Classical Syriac: ܫܰܟܪܳܐ m (šaḵrā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Biblical Hebrew: שֵׁכָר m (šēḵār)
        → Ancient Greek: σίκερα (síkera)
        → Latin: sīcera
        Old French: cisdre, sidre
        → Middle Dutch: sider
        Dutch: cider
        
        French: cidre
        → Japanese: シードル (shīdoru)
        
        Breton: chistr
        
        → Middle English: cider
        English: cider, cyser
        → Hebrew: סַיְדֶּר m (sáider)
        
        → Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
        → Korean: 사이다 (saida)
        
        → Welsh: seidr

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 241