שכר

See also: שׂכר

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
שׂ־כ־ר (s-k-r)
6 terms

Verb

שָׂכַר • (sakhár) (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִשְׂכַּר)

  1. to hire, rent
Conjugation
Conjugation of שָׂכַר (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לשכור / לִשְׂכֹּר
action noun שְׂכִירָה
passive participle שָׂכוּר
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first שָׂכַרְתִּי שָׂכַרְנוּ
second שָׂכַרְתָּ שָׂכַרְתְּ שְׂכַרְתֶּם1 שְׂכַרְתֶּן1
third שָׂכַר שָׂכְרָה שָׂכְרוּ
present שׂוֹכֵר שׂוֹכֶרֶת שׂוֹכְרִים שׂוֹכְרוֹת
future first אשכור / אֶשְׂכֹּר נשכור / נִשְׂכֹּר
second תשכור / תִּשְׂכֹּר תִּשְׂכְּרִי תִּשְׂכְּרוּ תשכורנה / תִּשְׂכֹּרְנָה2
third ישכור / יִשְׂכֹּר תשכור / תִּשְׂכֹּר יִשְׂכְּרוּ תשכורנה / תִּשְׂכֹּרְנָה2
imperative שכור / שְׂכֹר שִׂכְרִי שִׂכְרוּ שכורנה / שְׂכֹרְנָה2

1 Pronounced שָׂכַרְתֶּם and שָׂכַרְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
2 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Noun

שָׂכָר • (sakhár) m (no plural forms, singular construct שְׂכַר־) [pattern: קָטָל]

  1. wage, salary
    שכר המינימום ― skhar-hamínimum ― the minimum wage
  2. payment
  3. reward
  4. fee
    שכר דירה ― skhar-dirá ― rent (literally apartment fee)
    שכר לימוד ― skhar-limúd ― tuition (literally study fee)
Synonyms
Descendants
  • → Yiddish: שׂכר (skhar)

Noun

שֶׂכֶר • (sékher) m [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. charter plane, boat, bus, etc.

Further reading

Etymology 2

Root
שׁ־כ־ר (sh-k-r)
5 terms

From Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Compare Arabic سَكِرَ (sakira, “to get drunk, to become intoxicated”) and سَكَر (sakar, “intoxicant, wine”).

Verb

שָׁכַר • (shakhár) (pa'al construction)

  1. to be or become drunk

Noun

שֵׁכָר • (shekhár) m [pattern: קֵטָל]

  1. liquor, intoxicating drink
    • Tanach, Leviticus 10:9, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      יַיִן וְשֵׁכָר אַל־תֵּשְׁתְּ אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ אִתָּךְ, בְּבֹאֲכֶם אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד־־וְלֹא תָמֻתוּ: חֻקַּת עוֹלָם, לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם.
      Drink no wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tent of meeting, that ye die not; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations.
    • 13th century, anonymous poet, quoted in Yehuda Alharizi, Sefer Tahkemoni:
      לו שר בנו־עמרם פני דודי מתאדמים העת שתות שכר,
      ויפי קצותיו והוד יופיו, לא חק בתורתו: ואת זכר.
      Had the son of Amram seen the face of my beloved reddened from the foolishness of liquor,
      and the beauty of his extremities and the majesty of his beauty, he would not have written in his Torah: "and with a man [do not lie]".
Descendants

Verb

שִׁכֵּר • (shikér) (pi'el construction)

  1. defective spelling of שיכר

References

References

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