Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯawr-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Uncertain:

1. Proto-Indo-European *táwros; may be borrowed from or into, or possibly both from a common unknown source.
2. From Proto-Afroasiatic. Compare Egyptian šsr (sacrificial bull), Tsamai sawro, and Bura čiwar̃.

Noun

*ṯawr- m

  1. bull, ox

Inflection

Declension of *ṯawr-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ṯawrum *ṯawrāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ṯawram *ṯawrayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ṯawrim
possessive forms
1st person *ṯawrī / *ṯawrVya *ṯawrVni
2nd person m *ṯawrVka *ṯawrVkumā / *ṯawrVkumay *ṯawrVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ṯawrVki *ṯawrVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ṯawrVšu *ṯawrVšumā / *ṯawrVšumay *ṯawrVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ṯawrVša *ṯawrVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯawruya for nom. case, *ṯawriya for gen. case, *ṯawraya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒋗𒌑𒊒 (šūrum)
    • Eblaite: 𒄞𒌉 (GU4.TUR /⁠šu-lum⁠/)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: ثَوْر (ṯawr)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic: תַּוְרָא (tawrā) / ܬܱ݁ܘܪܳܐ (tawrā)
          • Middle Persian:
            Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (twwr /⁠*tawar⁠/, bull, ox)
            • Persian: تاول (tâvel, bull, ox) (obsolete)
        • Canaanite:
        • Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎗 (ṯr)
      • Old South Arabian:
        • Minaean: 𐩻𐩥𐩧 (ṯwr)
        • Qatabanian: 𐩻𐩥𐩧 (ṯwr)
        • Sabaean: 𐩻𐩥𐩧 (ṯwr), 𐩻𐩧 (ṯr)
    • Ethiopian Semitic: