Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kV-r(j)əp

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *glyəp (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *g-r(y)ap (Matisoff, STEDT); *g-ryap (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987); *g-ryɑp (Chou, 1972)

*kV-r(j)əp

1. to stand

• Old Chinese:

  立 (*k.rəp (B-S); *rɯb (ZS), “to stand”)

  位 (*ɢʷrəp-s ‹ *ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ? (B-S); *ɢʷrɯbs (ZS), “standing, position, seat”)

  • Middle Chinese: 立 (MC lip); 位 (MC hwijH)
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 立 (lì, /li⁵¹/); 位 (wèi, /u̯eɪ̯⁵¹/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 立 (lì) /lɐp̚², lɑːp̚²/; 位 (wèi) /wɐi²²/
• Kamarupan
  • North Assam
    • Tani

      /*rop/ ("stand up, get up") (Sun, 1993)

  • "Naga"
    • Konyak Naga: *gyap (“stand”) (French, 1983)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Tibetan: ཞབས (zhabs, “foot (honorific)”) (ed.)
    • Tamangic

      *ᴮʰrat, *ᴮʰrap (“stand”) (Mazaudon, 1994)

  • Kiranti

    *ryap- ~ ryam (“stand”) (Opgenort, 2011)

• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho: tsap (“stand”)
• rGyalrongic
  • East rGyalrongic
    • Situ: ka-rjāp (Cogtse), ka-rɟēp (Brag-bar)
• Naic
  • Proto-Naish: *Snap
    • Naxi: hiul (/⁠çy⁵⁵, hy⁵⁵⁠/)
    • Narua: hinq (/⁠hĩ˧˥⁠/)
• Lolo-Burmese: *ʔ-rapᴸ (“stand”) (Matisoff, 2003)
  • Burmish
    • Achang: yap
    • Burmese: ရပ် (rap, “stand upright, stop”), လွတ်လပ် (lwatlap, “to be free”)
    • Lashi: yab
  • Proto-Loloish: *ʔ-ryapᴸ (“stand up”) (Bradley, 1979)
    • Northern Loloish
      • Yi (Liangshan): ꉆ (hxit, “stand, stand up”)
    • Central Loloish
      • Lisu (Southern): ꓦꓰꓼ (h̃è̱, “stand, stand up, stand straight”)

• *laŋ (“rise, lift”)
• *krəj (“foot”)
• *r-k(j)aŋ (“foot, leg”)
• *krəp (“weep, cry”)
• *mə-tu(ŋ~k) (“to sit”)