Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/mV-qəm

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *gəm (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *gam (STEDT)

Burmese and Japhug require reconstructing a uvular, not velar, initial in this word. Uvulars regularly survive in Japhug and also regularly disappear initially in Burmese.

In East rGyalrongic, the prefix *tV- appears. Japhug also attests an apparently related verb mɢom (“to bite one's lips in anger”).

Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *dɡam ~ *dɡaam ~ *dɡəm (“molar tooth; jaw”).

Noun

*mV-qəm

  1. jaw, chin
  2. molar

Descendants

  • Chinese: 頷 / 颔 (OC /*[ɢ]ˤ[ə]mʔ/ (B-S)) (see there for further descendants)
  • Bodish
    • Tibetic
      • Tibetan: སྐམ (skam, “tongs, pincers”) (with unexplained s-)
  • Chepangic
    • Chepang: मागाम् (magam, “tooth, molar”)
  • rGyalrongic
    • West rGyalrongic
      • Horpa
        • Tangut: 𘟗 (*kowr², “tooth”)
    • East rGyalrongic
      • Japhug: tamɢom (“pincers, pliers, vise”) (with voicing assimilation of the uvular)
      • Situ: təmkám
  • Naic
    • Proto-Naish: *ŋgam (“to grab on two sides; pinch, clamp”)
      • Naxi: ggaiq (/⁠ɡa²¹⁠/)
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Achang: am (“jaw”)
      • Burmese: အံ (am, “molar”)
  • Nungish
    • Drung: sagvm (/⁠sɑ³¹gəm⁵³⁠/, “molar”)
  • Boro-Garo
    • Tiwa: hagam (“wisdom tooth”)
    • Garo: wagam (“tooth, molar”)
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho: wa ukam (“molar”)
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