Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/tsa

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dzar/tsar (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *tsa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972)

Root

*tsa

  1. salt, salty, salted

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: 鹺 / 鹾 (cuó) /*ɴ-tsˤaj/ (B-S), /*zlaːl/ (ZS) ("salt")
    • Middle Chinese: 鹺 / 鹾 (cuó) /dzɑ/
      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 鹺 / 鹾 (cuó) (cuó, /t͡sʰu̯ɔ³⁵/)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Tibetan: ཚྭ (tshwa, “salt”)
          • Sherpa: ཚྭ (tshwa)
        • Eastern
          • Kurtöp: ཚ (tsha)
  • rGyalrongic
    • West rGyalrongic
      • Horpa
        • Geshiza: tsʰə
        • Tangut: 𗰃 (*tshjɨ², “salt”)
    • East rGyalrongic
        • Situ: tsʰe (“salt”)
  • Qiangic
    • Northern Qiang: ce
  • Naic
    • Proto-Naish: *tsʰa
      • Naxi: cei (/⁠tsʰe˧⁠/)
      • Narua: cei (/⁠tsʰe˧⁠/)
      • Laze: [Term?] (/⁠tsʰe˧⁠/)
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Burmic
      • Maruic
        • Pela: tʰa³⁵ (“salt”)
        • Lhao Vo: xo꞉ (“salt”)
        • Zaiwa: co (“salt”)
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꋂ (ce, “salt”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu (Northern): ꓞꓽ ꓐꓳꓺ (tsʰɑ̀ bo̱, “salt”), ꓞꓼ ꓐꓳꓺ (tsʰɑ̱̀ bo̱, “salt”)
  • Proto-Karen: *saᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
    • S'gaw Karen: အံသၣ် (ʼee thà)
    • Western Kayah: ꤤ꤬ꤞꤢꤧ꤬ (ìthàe), ꤢꤩ꤬ꤞꤢꤧ꤬ (èthàe)
  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ntsjəuˣ

See also

  • *g-rjum (“salt”)
  • *m-tsji (“salt”)
  • *kaʔ (“bitter”)
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