Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ělъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    Derived from the fusion of state expressing extension Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti +‎ *-lós. Akin to Latin -ēla. By surface analysis, *-ě- +‎ *-lъ

    Suffix

    *-ělъ m

    1. From adjectives or ě-theme verbs, forms state nouns (used as a cause for something) or agent nouns denoting a bearer of a state
      *mьrzělъ (“sloth, one who lazes”)← *mьrzъ (“devious, lazy”)
      *mǫtělъ (“clutter, haze”) ← *mǭtiti (“to roil, to stir”)
      *svьrbělъ (“itchy one”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)
      *xъrbělъ (“slender one”) ← *xъrběti (“to thin”)
      *ščьrbělъ (“ribby one”) ← *ščьrbiti (“to rib”)

    Declension

    Declension of *-ělъ (hard o-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *-ělъ *-ěla *-ěli
    genitive *-ěla *-ělu *-ělъ
    dative *-ělu *-ěloma *-ělomъ
    accusative *-ělъ *-ěla *-ěly
    instrumental *-ělъmь, *-ělomь* *-ěloma *-ěly
    locative *-ělě *-ělu *-ělěxъ
    vocative *-ěle *-ěla *-ěli

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Derived terms

    Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ělъ not found

    Suffix

    *-ělъ

    1. (originally) From *-ěti verbs, forms participles
      *myslělъ (“thought”) ← *myslěti (“to think”)
      *svьrbělъ (“itched”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)

    Declension

    Indefinite declension of *-ělъ (hard)
    singular masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ělъ *-ěla *-ělo
    genitive *-ěla *-ěly *-ěla
    dative *-ělu *-ělě *-ělu
    accusative *-ělъ *-ělǫ *-ělo
    instrumental *-ělomь *-ělojǫ *-ělomь
    locative *-ělě *-ělě *-ělě
    vocative *-ěle *-ělo *-ělo
    dual masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ěla *-ělě *-ělě
    genitive *-ělu *-ělu *-ělu
    dative *-ěloma *-ělama *-ěloma
    accusative *-ěla *-ělě *-ělě
    instrumental *-ěloma *-ělama *-ěloma
    locative *-ělu *-ělu *-ělu
    vocative *-ěla *-ělě *-ělě
    plural masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ěli *-ěly *-ěla
    genitive *-ělъ *-ělъ *-ělъ
    dative *-ělomъ *-ělamъ *-ělomъ
    accusative *-ěly *-ěly *-ěla
    instrumental *-ěly *-ělami *-ěly
    locative *-ělěxъ *-ělaxъ *-ělěxъ
    vocative *-ěli *-ěly *-ěla
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