Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ivo
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Resulted from the fossilization of proto-Indo-European *-wós, one of the Caland system's suffixes, attached to yé-denominative (e.g. in the case of *bělivo (“bleach”) ← *běliti ← *bělъ) or éye-causative (e.g. in the case of *gorivo (“fuel”) ← *gorěti) verbs.
The original suffix survives in adjectives like *lěvъ (“left”) (ultimately from the same proto-root as *lajati (“to ambush, to lurk”)) and nouns like *glěvъ (“slime”) or *griva (“mane”).
Suffix
*-ivo n
- Forms instrumental and resultant terms from verb stems:
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-ivo | *-ivě | *-iva |
| genitive | *-iva | *-ivu | *-ivъ |
| dative | *-ivu | *-ivoma | *-ivomъ |
| accusative | *-ivo | *-ivě | *-iva |
| instrumental | *-ivъmь, *-ivomь* | *-ivoma | *-ivy |
| locative | *-ivě | *-ivu | *-ivěxъ |
| vocative | *-ivo | *-ivě | *-iva |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ivo
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: -иво/-и́во (-ivo/-ívo)
- Macedonian: -иво (-ivo)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: -ӣво/-и̑во/-иво
- Latin script: -īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo
- Slovene: -ivo/-ȋvo n, -iva f
- West Slavic: