Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bitva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰih₂-tweh₂, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”) +‎ *-tweh₂. Equivalent to *biti +‎ *-tva.

Noun

*bìtva f[1][2]

  1. battle, fight
    Synonyms: *bõjь, *bitъka, *bitьje

Inflection

Declension of *bìtva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *bìtva *bìtvě *bìtvy
genitive *bìtvy *bìtvu *bìtvъ
dative *bìtvě *bìtvama *bìtvamъ
accusative *bìtvǫ *bìtvě *bìtvy
instrumental *bìtvojǫ, *bìtvǭ** *bìtvama *bìtvamī
locative *bìtvě *bìtvu *bìtvasъ, *bìtvaxъ*
vocative *bìtvo *bìtvě *bìtvy

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Middle Belarusian: битва (bitva)
    • Russian: би́тва (bítva)
    • Ukrainian: би́тва (býtva)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “би́тва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bìtva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 42: “f. ā (a) ‘battle, fight’”
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
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