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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brestei, cognate with Lithuanian bri̇̀sti (“to wade”), 1sg. brendù (Eastern dialectal bredù), 3sg. breñda, 3sg. past bri̇̀do, Latvian brist (“to wade”), as well as Albanian bredh (“to jump, to hop”). Trubachev (ESSJa) adds Tocharian B preściye (“mud, dirt”) and Thracian βρεδα- (breda-) (found only in toponyms). None of the languages outside Balto-Slavic clearly indicate whether the PIE root had *-d- or *-dʰ-, but *-dʰ- is required in Balto-Slavic if Winter's law applies, since the preceding vowel was not lengthened. Accordingly, Derksen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *bʰredʰ- (*bʰ- rather than *b- can be assumed because initial *b- was rare or nonexistent in Proto-Indo-European).
Verb
*brestì impf[1][2]
- to wade
Inflection
Conjugation of
*bresti, *brede, *bredetь (
impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
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Infinitive
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Supine
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L-participle
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| *bredenьje
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*bresti
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*brestъ
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*bredlъ
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|
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Participles
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| Tense
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Past
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Present
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| Passive
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*bredenъ
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*bredomъ
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| Active
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*bredъ
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*bredy
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|
|
Aorist
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Present
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| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*bred(ox)ъ |
*brede |
*brede
|
*bredǫ |
*bredeši |
*bredetь
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| Dual
|
*bred(ox)ově |
*bred(e/os)ta |
*bred(e/os)te
|
*bredevě |
*bredeta |
*bredete
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| Plural
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*bred(ox)omъ |
*bred(e/os)te |
*bredǫ, *bredošę
|
*bredemъ |
*bredete |
*bredǫtь
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|
|
Imperfect
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Imperative
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| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
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| Singular
|
*breděaxъ |
*breděaše |
*breděaše
|
— |
*bredi |
*bredi
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| Dual
|
*breděaxově |
*breděašeta |
*breděašete
|
*breděvě |
*breděta |
—
|
| Plural
|
*breděaxomъ |
*breděašete |
*breděaxǫ
|
*breděmъ |
*breděte |
—
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Descendants
- Church Slavonic: брести (bresti) (Russian)
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: брести (bresti)
- Belarusian: брысци́ (bryscí) (colloquial)
- Russian: брести́ (brestí)
- Ukrainian: брести́ (brestý)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: бре́цам (brécam) (+ *-ьcati)
- Slovene: brésti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: břísti
- Polabian: bradĕ (3sg.)
- Slovak: bŕsť
- Slovincian: brësc
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бреду́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “брести́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 111
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bresti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 14
References
- ^ * Derksen, Rick (2008) “*brestì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61: “v. (c?) ‘wade’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “bresti: bredǫ bredetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c vade (PR 139)”