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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Uhlenbeck, Miklosič, Vasmer: Cognate with Proto-Germanic *dawjaną (“to die”), Latin fūnus (“death”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬎𐬎- (dauu-, “to crush, to oppress”) (attested as 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬛𐬍 (duuaidī, 1 du. past middle)). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰōh₂w- + *-iti, from *dʰeh₂w- (per Derksen); elsewhere reconstructed as *dʰew- (“to die”). Further akin to Ancient Greek Ζεὺς θαύλιος (Zeùs thaúlios, “Zeus the strangler? (Phrygian god)”), Phrygian δάος (dáos, “wolf”).
- Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to plunge, to deplete”), with cognates Ancient Greek δύω (dúō, “to sink”), δέω (déō, “to lack”), Proto-West Germanic *teuʀōn (“to cease, to tire”).
Most West Slavic languages have intruded an unetymological *-l- to the onset of the root, probably influenced by the reflexes of Proto-Slavic *dolbiti (“to carve”).
Verb
*dāvìti impf[1][2][3]
- to press, to plunge
- (transitive) to throttle, to suffocate, to strangle
- Synonym: *dušiti
- (reflexive) (+ *sę) to drown, to choke
Inflection
Conjugation of
*daviti, *davi, *davitь (
impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
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Infinitive
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Supine
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L-participle
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| *davľenьje
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*daviti
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*davitъ
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*davilъ
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|
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Participles
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| Tense
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Past
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Present
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| Passive
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*davľenъ
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*davimъ
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| Active
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*davľь
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*davę
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|
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Aorist
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Present
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| Person
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1st
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2nd
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3rd
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1st
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2nd
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3rd
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| Singular
|
*davixъ |
*davi |
*davi
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*davľǫ |
*daviši |
*davitь
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| Dual
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*davixově |
*davista |
*daviste
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*davivě |
*davita |
*davite
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| Plural
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*davixomъ |
*daviste |
*davišę
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*davimъ |
*davite |
*davętь
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|
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Imperfect
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Imperative
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| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
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| Singular
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*davľaaxъ |
*davľaaše |
*davľaaše
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— |
*davi |
*davi
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| Dual
|
*davľaaxově |
*davľaašeta |
*davľaašete
|
*davivě |
*davita |
—
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| Plural
|
*davľaaxomъ |
*davľaašete |
*davľaaxǫ
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*davimъ |
*davite |
—
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Notes: - (*)*davivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *davežь
- *davidlo
- *udavьnikъ m, *udavьnica f (“drowner”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дави́ти (davíti)
- Old Ruthenian: дави́ти (davíti)
- Belarusian: даві́ць (davícʹ)
- Ukrainian: дави́ти (davýty)
- Russian: дави́ть (davítʹ)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: давити (daviti)
- Glagolitic script: ⰴⰰⰲⰺⱅⰺ (daviti)
- Bulgarian: да́вя (dávja)
- Macedonian: дави (davi)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: да́вити
- Latin script: dáviti
- Chakavian (Vrgada): då̄vȉti
- Slovene: dáviti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dláviti
- Polabian: dovĕt
- Old Polish: dawić
- Pomeranian:
- Old Slovak:
- Pannonian Rusyn: давиц (davic)
- Slovak: dáviť, dláviť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: dawić, dajić
- Lower Sorbian: dawiś, dajiś
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dāvìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97: “v. (b) ‘suffocate’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “daviti: davjǫ davitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b press (PR 137)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “daviti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *davi̋ti”
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “дави́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 230
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дави́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*daviti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 198
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “давя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 313