δύω

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to go in, enter”). Cognates include rare Vedic Sanskrit उपादुत्य (upādútya, “put on”). See also δείελος (deíelos, “of the afternoon or evening”).[1]

Verb

δύω • (dúō)

  1. to cause to sink, to plunge
  2. to get into, to enter
Inflection
   Present: δῡ́ω, δῡ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῡ́ω δῡ́εις δῡ́ει δῡ́ετον δῡ́ετον δῡ́ομεν δῡ́ετε δῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δῡ́ω δῡ́ῃς δῡ́ῃ δῡ́ητον δῡ́ητον δῡ́ωμεν δῡ́ητε δῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative δῡ́οιμῐ δῡ́οις δῡ́οι δῡ́οιτον δῡοίτην δῡ́οιμεν δῡ́οιτε δῡ́οιεν
imperative   δῦε δῡέτω δῡ́ετον δῡέτων   δῡ́ετε δῡόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δῡ́ομαι δῡ́ῃ,
δῡ́ει 		δῡ́εται δῡ́εσθον δῡ́εσθον δῡόμεθᾰ δῡ́εσθε δῡ́ονται
subjunctive δῡ́ωμαι δῡ́ῃ δῡ́ηται δῡ́ησθον δῡ́ησθον δῡώμεθᾰ δῡ́ησθε δῡ́ωνται
optative δῡοίμην δῡ́οιο δῡ́οιτο δῡ́οισθον δῡοίσθην δῡοίμεθᾰ δῡ́οισθε δῡ́οιντο
imperative   δῡ́ου δῡέσθω δῡ́εσθον δῡέσθων   δῡ́εσθε δῡέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δῡ́ειν δῡ́εσθαι
participle m δῡ́ων δῡόμενος
f δῡ́ουσᾰ δῡομένη
n δῦον δῡόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐδῠόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐδῠόμην ἐδῠ́ου ἐδῠ́ετο ἐδῠ́εσθον ἐδῠέσθην ἐδῠόμεθᾰ ἐδῠ́εσθε ἐδῠ́οντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: δῠ́σκον, δῠσκόμην (iterative, Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῠ́σκον δῠ́σκες δῠ́σκε(ν) δῠ́σκετον δῠσκέτην δῠ́σκομεν δῠ́σκετε δῠ́σκον
middle/
passive 		indicative δῠσκόμην δῠ́σκου δῠ́σκετο δῠ́σκεσθον δῠσκέσθην δῠσκόμε(σ)θᾰ δῠ́σκεσθε δῠ́σκοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: δῡ́σομαι, δῠθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative δῡ́σομαι δῡ́σῃ,
δῡ́σει 		δῡ́σεται δῡ́σεσθον δῡ́σεσθον δῡσόμεθᾰ δῡ́σεσθε δῡ́σονται
optative δῡσοίμην δῡ́σοιο δῡ́σοιτο δῡ́σοισθον δῡσοίσθην δῡσοίμεθᾰ δῡ́σοισθε δῡ́σοιντο
passive indicative δῠθήσομαι δῠθήσῃ δῠθήσεται δῠθήσεσθον δῠθήσεσθον δῠθησόμεθᾰ δῠθήσεσθε δῠθήσονται
optative δῠθησοίμην δῠθήσοιο δῠθήσοιτο δῠθήσοισθον δῠθησοίσθην δῠθησοίμεθᾰ δῠθήσοισθε δῠθήσοιντο
middle passive
infinitive δῡ́σεσθαι δῠθήσεσθαι
participle m δῡσόμενος δῠθησόμενος
f δῡσομένη δῠθησομένη
n δῡσόμενον δῠθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐδῡσᾰ́μην, ἐδῠ́θην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐδῡσᾰ́μην ἐδῡ́σω ἐδῡ́σᾰτο ἐδῡ́σᾰσθον ἐδῡσᾰ́σθην ἐδῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐδῡ́σᾰσθε ἐδῡ́σᾰντο
subjunctive δῡ́σωμαι δῡ́σῃ δῡ́σηται δῡ́σησθον δῡ́σησθον δῡσώμεθᾰ δῡ́σησθε δῡ́σωνται
optative δῡσαίμην δῡ́σαιο δῡ́σαιτο δῡ́σαισθον δῡσαίσθην δῡσαίμεθᾰ δῡ́σαισθε δῡ́σαιντο
imperative   δῦσαι δῡσᾰ́σθω δῡ́σᾰσθον δῡσᾰ́σθων   δῡ́σᾰσθε δῡσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐδῠ́θην ἐδῠ́θης ἐδῠ́θη ἐδῠ́θητον ἐδῠθήτην ἐδῠ́θημεν ἐδῠ́θητε ἐδῠ́θησᾰν
subjunctive δῠθῶ δῠθῇς δῠθῇ δῠθῆτον δῠθῆτον δῠθῶμεν δῠθῆτε δῠθῶσῐ(ν)
optative δῠθείην δῠθείης δῠθείη δῠθεῖτον,
δῠθείητον 		δῠθείτην,
δῠθειήτην 		δῠθεῖμεν,
δῠθείημεν 		δῠθεῖτε,
δῠθείητε 		δῠθεῖεν,
δῠθείησᾰν
imperative   δῠ́θητῐ δῠθήτω δῠ́θητον δῠθήτων   δῠ́θητε δῠθέντων
middle passive
infinitive δῡ́σᾰσθαι δῠθῆναι
participle m δῡσᾰ́μενος δῠθείς
f δῡσᾰμένη δῠθεῖσᾰ
n δῡσᾰ́μενον δῠθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐδῡσόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἐδῡσόμην ἐδῡ́σεο ἐδῡ́σετο ἐδῡ́σεσθον ἐδῡσέσθην ἐδῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐδῡ́σεσθε ἐδῡ́σοντο
subjunctive δῡ́σωμαι δῡ́σηαι δῡ́σηται δῡ́σησθον δῡ́σησθον δῡσώμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́σησθε δῡ́σωνται
optative δῡσοίμην δῡ́σοιο δῡ́σοιτο δῡ́σοισθον δῡσοίσθην δῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́σοισθε δῡσοίᾰτο
imperative   δῡ́σεο δῡσέσθω δῡ́σεσθον δῡσέσθων   δῡ́σεσθε δῡσέσθων
middle
infinitive δῡσέσθαι
participle m δῡσόμενος
f δῡσομένη
n δῡσόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δῡσόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative δῡσόμην δῡ́σεο δῡ́σετο δῡ́σεσθον δῡσέσθην δῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ δῡ́σεσθε δῡ́σοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔδῡν (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔδῡν ἔδῡς ἔδῡ ἔδῡτον ἐδῡ́την ἔδῡμεν ἔδῡτε ἔδῡσᾰν
subjunctive δῠ́ω,
δῠ́ωμῐ 		δῠ́ῃς,
δῠ́ῃσθᾰ 		δῠ́ῃ,
δῠ́ῃσῐ 		δῠ́ητον δῠ́ητον δῠ́ωμεν δῠ́ωτε δῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative                
imperative   δῦθῐ δῡ́τω δῦτον δῡ́των   δῦτε δῡ́ντων
active
infinitive δῦναι,
δῡ́μεναι
participle m δῡ́ς
f δῦσᾰ
n δῠ́ν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: δῦν (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δῦν δῦς δῦ δῦτον δῡ́την δῦμεν δῦτε δῦσᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: δέδῡκᾰ, δέδῠμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative δέδῡκᾰ δέδῡκᾰς δέδῡκε(ν) δεδῡ́κᾰτον δεδῡ́κᾰτον δεδῡ́κᾰμεν δεδῡ́κᾰτε δεδῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive δεδῡ́κω δεδῡ́κῃς δεδῡ́κῃ δεδῡ́κητον δεδῡ́κητον δεδῡ́κωμεν δεδῡ́κητε δεδῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative δεδῡ́κοιμῐ,
δεδῡκοίην 		δεδῡ́κοις,
δεδῡκοίης 		δεδῡ́κοι,
δεδῡκοίη 		δεδῡ́κοιτον δεδῡκοίτην δεδῡ́κοιμεν δεδῡ́κοιτε δεδῡ́κοιεν
imperative   δέδῡκε δεδῡκέτω δεδῡ́κετον δεδῡκέτων   δεδῡ́κετε δεδῡκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative δέδῠμαι δέδῠσαι δέδῠται δέδῠσθον δέδῠσθον δεδῠ́μεθᾰ δέδῠσθε δέδῠνται
subjunctive δεδῠμένος ὦ δεδῠμένος ᾖς δεδῠμένος ᾖ δεδῠμένω ἦτον δεδῠμένω ἦτον δεδῠμένοι ὦμεν δεδῠμένοι ἦτε δεδῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative δεδῠμένος εἴην δεδῠμένος εἴης δεδῠμένος εἴη δεδῠμένω εἴητον/εἶτον δεδῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην δεδῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν δεδῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε δεδῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   δέδῠσο δεδῠ́σθω δέδῠσθον δεδῠ́σθων   δέδῠσθε δεδῠ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive δεδῡκέναι δεδῠ́σθαι
participle m δεδῡκώς δεδῠμένος
f δεδῡκυῖᾰ δεδῠμένη
n δεδῡκός δεδῠμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”), with δύο (dúo) coming from the undeclined variant *d(u)wó.[2]

Numeral

δύω • (dúō)

  1. (chiefly Epic) alternative form of δύο (dúo, “two”)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δύω 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 361-2
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δύω 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek δύω.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈði.o]
Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: δύ‧ω
  • Homophone: δύο (dýo)

Verb

δύω • (dýo) (past έδυσα, passive —)

  1. to set, go down (sun, stars, etc)
    Synonym: βασιλεύω (vasilévo)
    Antonym: ανατέλλω (anatéllo)
  2. (figuratively) to decline
    Synonyms: φθίνω (fthíno), παρακμάζω (parakmázo)

Conjugation

δύω   (active forms only)
Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤
1 sg δύσω
2 sg δύεις δύσεις
3 sg δύει δύσει
1 pl δύουμε, [‑ομε] δύσουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl δύετε δύσετε
3 pl δύουν(ε) δύσουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤
1 sg έδυα έδυσα
2 sg έδυες έδυσες
3 sg έδυε έδυσε
1 pl δύαμε δύσαμε
2 pl δύατε δύσατε
3 pl έδυαν, δύαν(ε) έδυσαν, δύσαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤
1 sg θα ➤ θα δύσω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα δύεις, … θα δύσεις, …
Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … δύσει  
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … δύσει  
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … δύσει  
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg δύε δύσε
2 pl δύετε δύστε
Other forms
Active present participle ➤   δύοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤   έχοντας δύσει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤ —
Nonfinite form ➤   δύσει
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

And see their derivatives

Related words

Also see → γδύνω (gdýno)

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