Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/golěmъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Perhaps a relic present passive participle of Proto-Balto-Slavic *galḗˀtei (“to have capacity”) + *-ěmъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“able, powerful”).[1]
Cognate with Lithuanian galė́ti (“to be able”) (present participle galėjimas). Further akin to Lithuanian galià (“power, might”), gãlimas (“mighty”), possibly Gaulish gallus (“Gaul”).
For the suffix, compare Latin volaemum (“large pear”).
Adjective
*golěmъ[2]
- (perhaps originally) capable, powerful
- Synonyms: *mogǫťь, *věščь, *sъposobьnъ
- (by extension) big, large, huge (for size)
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *golěmъ | *golěma | *golěmo |
| genitive | *golěma | *golěmy | *golěma |
| dative | *golěmu | *golěmě | *golěmu |
| accusative | *golěmъ | *golěmǫ | *golěmo |
| instrumental | *golěmomь | *golěmojǫ | *golěmomь |
| locative | *golěmě | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| vocative | *golěme | *golěmo | *golěmo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěma | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| genitive | *golěmu | *golěmu | *golěmu |
| dative | *golěmoma | *golěmama | *golěmoma |
| accusative | *golěma | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| instrumental | *golěmoma | *golěmama | *golěmoma |
| locative | *golěmu | *golěmu | *golěmu |
| vocative | *golěma | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěmi | *golěmy | *golěma |
| genitive | *golěmъ | *golěmъ | *golěmъ |
| dative | *golěmomъ | *golěmamъ | *golěmomъ |
| accusative | *golěmy | *golěmy | *golěma |
| instrumental | *golěmy | *golěmami | *golěmy |
| locative | *golěměxъ | *golěmaxъ | *golěměxъ |
| vocative | *golěmi | *golěmy | *golěma |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *golěmъjь | *golěmaja | *golěmoje |
| genitive | *golěmajego | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmajego |
| dative | *golěmujemu | *golěměji | *golěmujemu |
| accusative | *golěmъjь | *golěmǫjǫ | *golěmoje |
| instrumental | *golěmyjimь | *golěmǫjǫ | *golěmyjimь |
| locative | *golěmějemь | *golěměji | *golěmějemь |
| vocative | *golěmъjь | *golěmaja | *golěmoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěmaja | *golěměji | *golěměji |
| genitive | *golěmuju | *golěmuju | *golěmuju |
| dative | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima |
| accusative | *golěmaja | *golěměji | *golěměji |
| instrumental | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima |
| locative | *golěmuju | *golěmuju | *golěmuju |
| vocative | *golěmaja | *golěměji | *golěměji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěmiji | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmaja |
| genitive | *golěmъjixъ | *golěmъjixъ | *golěmъjixъ |
| dative | *golěmyjimъ | *golěmyjimъ | *golěmyjimъ |
| accusative | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmaja |
| instrumental | *golěmyjimi | *golěmyjimi | *golěmyjimi |
| locative | *golěmyjixъ | *golěmyjixъ | *golěmyjixъ |
| vocative | *golěmiji | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmaja |
Derived terms
- *golěměti (“to be large”), *golěmiti (“to enlarge, to magnify”)
- *golěmina (“size, magnitude”)
- *golěmьcь, *golěmanъ (“powerful person”)
Related terms
- *golmę (“mickle”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: голѣмꙑи (golěmyi)
- Russian: голя́мый (goljámyj)
- Old East Slavic: голѣмꙑи (golěmyi)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*golěmъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 202
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “голям”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 262
- “galė́ti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “351”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 351
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*golěmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 174