Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorazdъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Traditionally speculated to be a Gothic borrowing[1], presumably from an unattested *ga- (“co-”) + *razdaz (“sound, melodic”), probably originally meaning “consonant, coherent”. If correct, then akin to Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (razda, “speech”). A problem with this hypothesis is that the expected proto-Slavic reflex of the proposed Germanic term should be **gorozdъ.
Adolf Stender-Petersen, even more fancifully, proposes a native origin from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, to grasp, to craft”) + *-azdъ.
Adjective
*gorazdъ[1]
- skilful, capable
- experienced, successful, prominent (in a field of expertise)
Declension
(probably) Accent paradigm B.
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gorazdъ | *gorazda | *gorazdo |
| genitive | *gorazda | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| dative | *gorazdu | *gorazdě | *gorazdu |
| accusative | *gorazdъ | *gorazdǫ | *gorazdo |
| instrumental | *gorazdomь | *gorazdojǫ | *gorazdomь |
| locative | *gorazdě | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| vocative | *gorazde | *gorazdo | *gorazdo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gorazda | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| genitive | *gorazdu | *gorazdu | *gorazdu |
| dative | *gorazdoma | *gorazdama | *gorazdoma |
| accusative | *gorazda | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| instrumental | *gorazdoma | *gorazdama | *gorazdoma |
| locative | *gorazdu | *gorazdu | *gorazdu |
| vocative | *gorazda | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gorazdi | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| genitive | *gorazdъ | *gorazdъ | *gorazdъ |
| dative | *gorazdomъ | *gorazdamъ | *gorazdomъ |
| accusative | *gorazdy | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| instrumental | *gorazdy | *gorazdami | *gorazdy |
| locative | *gorazděxъ | *gorazdaxъ | *gorazděxъ |
| vocative | *gorazdi | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gorazdъjь | *gorazdaja | *gorazdoje |
| genitive | *gorazdajego | *gorazdyję̇ | *gorazdajego |
| dative | *gorazdujemu | *gorazději | *gorazdujemu |
| accusative | *gorazdъjь | *gorazdǫjǫ | *gorazdoje |
| instrumental | *gorazdyjimь | *gorazdǫjǫ | *gorazdyjimь |
| locative | *gorazdějemь | *gorazději | *gorazdějemь |
| vocative | *gorazdъjь | *gorazdaja | *gorazdoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gorazdaja | *gorazději | *gorazději |
| genitive | *gorazduju | *gorazduju | *gorazduju |
| dative | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima |
| accusative | *gorazdaja | *gorazději | *gorazději |
| instrumental | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima |
| locative | *gorazduju | *gorazduju | *gorazduju |
| vocative | *gorazdaja | *gorazději | *gorazději |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gorazdiji | *gorazdyję̇ | *gorazdaja |
| genitive | *gorazdъjixъ | *gorazdъjixъ | *gorazdъjixъ |
| dative | *gorazdyjimъ | *gorazdyjimъ | *gorazdyjimъ |
| accusative | *gorazdyję̇ | *gorazdyję̇ | *gorazdaja |
| instrumental | *gorazdyjimi | *gorazdyjimi | *gorazdyjimi |
| locative | *gorazdyjixъ | *gorazdyjixъ | *gorazdyjixъ |
| vocative | *gorazdiji | *gorazdyję̇ | *gorazdaja |
Derived terms
- *gorazditi (“to rage; to construct, to rise”)
- *gorazda (“disturbance”)
- *gorazdьnъ (“grand, eminant”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: horazd (“big”)
- Middle Polish: gorazdy
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic[1], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 149: “PSl. *gorazdъ ‘experienced, able’ (adj.)”
- ^ Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (2000), “гораздъ, гараздъ”, in Словник української мови XVI – 1-ї пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), numbers 7 (головнѣйший – десѧтина), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 21
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гораздо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorazdъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
- Stender-Petersen, Adolf (1927) “Zur Etymologie des urslav. gorazdъ”, in Slavia 5, page 675