Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the same root as *korìti (“to reproach”), with a long root vowel that is (per Derksen) of Proto-Slavic origin.

Verb

*karati impf[1]

  1. to punish
  2. to scold

Inflection

Conjugation of *karati, *kara, *karajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*karanьje *karati *karatъ *karalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *karanъ *karajemъ
Active *karavъ *karaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *karaxъ *kara *kara *karajǫ *karaješi *karajetь
Dual *karaxově *karasta *karaste *karajevě *karajeta *karajete
Plural *karaxomъ *karaste *karašę *karajemъ *karajete *karajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *karaaxъ *karaaše *karaaše — *karaji *karaji
Dual *karaaxově *karaašeta *karaašete *karajivě *karajita —
Plural *karaaxomъ *karaašete *karaaxǫ *karajimъ *karajite —
  • *kara (“punishment”)
  • *korъ (“reproach?”)
  • *korìti (“to reproach”)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kárati
    • Old Polish: karać
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: karac
      • Slovincian: karac
    • Slovak: kárať (literary)
    • Sorbian:

Further reading

  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “ка́ра”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 377
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кара́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*karati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 221: “v. ‘scold, punish’”
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