Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klętva
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Verbal noun of *klęti (“to swear”) + *-tva.
Noun
*klętva f[1]
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *klętva | *klę̀tvě | *klę̀tvy |
| genitive | *klę̀tvy | *klę̀tvu | *klę̀tvъ |
| dative | *klę̀tvě | *klę̀tvama | *klę̀tvamъ |
| accusative | *klę̀tvǫ | *klę̀tvě | *klę̀tvy |
| instrumental | *klę̀tvojǫ, *klę̀tvǭ** | *klę̀tvama | *klę̀tvamī |
| locative | *klę̀tvě | *klę̀tvu | *klę̀tvasъ, *klę̀tvaxъ* |
| vocative | *klę̀tvo | *klę̀tvě | *klę̀tvy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *klętьba (“curse”)
- *klętьje (“damnation, execration”)
- *klętъ (“cursed, damned”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further Reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*klętva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 39
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клятва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “клетва”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 441