Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyjь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kū́ˀjas, from Proto-Indo-European *kuh₂yos, from the root *kewh₂- (“to hit, strike”).

Cognate with Lithuanian kūjis (“hammer”) and Old Prussian cugis (“hammer”).

Noun

*kỳjь or *ky̑jь m^[1]^[2]^[3]

stick, club
hammer

Declension

Declension of *kỳjь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kỳjь	*kỳja	*kỳji
genitive	*kỳja	*kỳju	*kỳjь
dative	*kỳju	*kỳjema	*kỳjēmъ
accusative	*kỳjь	*kỳja	*kỳję̇
instrumental	kỳjьmь, kỳjemь^*	*kỳjema	*kỳjī
locative	*kỳji	*kỳju	*kỳjīxъ
vocative	*kỳju	*kỳja	*kỳji

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Declension of *ky̑jь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ky̑jь	*ky̑ja	*ky̑ji
genitive	*ky̑ja	*kyjù	*kỹjь
dative	*ky̑ju	*kyjemà	*kyjèmъ
accusative	*ky̑jь	*ky̑ja	*ky̑ję̇
instrumental	ky̑jьmь, ky̑jemь^*	*kyjemà	*kyjí
locative	*ky̑ji	*kyjù	*kyjĩxъ
vocative	*kyju	*ky̑ja	*ky̑ji

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*kovati

Derived terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кꙑи (kyi), кии (kii)
  - Old Ruthenian: кїй (kij)
    - Belarusian: кій (kij)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: кый (kŷj)
    - Ukrainian: кий (kyj)
  - Russian: кий (kij)
- ⇒ Old East Slavic: Кꙑи (Kyi) (personal name)
  - ⇒ Old East Slavic: кꙑꙗнинъ (kyjaninŭ, “Kyi's person; resident of Kyiv”) (see there for further descendants)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰺⰻ (kyi)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: кꙑи (kyi)
  - Bulgarian: кий (kij)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: киј
  
  Latin script: kij
- Slovene: kȋj (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kyj
  - Czech: kyj; kеj, kij (dialectal)
- Old Polish: kij
  - Polish: kij
- Old Slovak: kyj
  - Pannonian Rusyn: кий (kij) (obsolete)
  - Slovak: kyj; kij (dialectal)
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: czij
  - Slovincian: kjyj, kij
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: kij
  - Lower Sorbian: kij

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kyjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “m. jo ‘stick, club’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kyjь kyju/kyja”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “?c (NA 138); d (OSA 142) hammer”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kȋj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ky̋jь (ali *ky̑jь)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kyjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265: “m. jo ‘stick, club’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “kyjь kyju/kyja”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “?c (NA 138); d (OSA 142) hammer”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “kȋj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*ky̋jь (ali *ky̑jь)”

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