|
|
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *supn-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *supn- + *-ati, from *swep- (“to sleep”).[1] Cognate with Lithuanian sapnuoti (“to dream”), Sanskrit स्वपति (svápati), स्वपिति (svápiti, “to sleep”), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛafsaiti, “to sleep”), Latin sōpīre (“to fall asleep”), Proto-Germanic *swefaną (“to sleep”), Old English swefan (“to sleep”). Also cognate with Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Latin somnus, Old Irish súan. See also Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ (“sleep, dream”).
Verb
*sъpati impf[1][2]
- to sleep
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*sъpati, *sъpa, *sъpitь (
impf.,
intr., -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *sъpanьje
|
*sъpati
|
*sъpatъ
|
*sъpalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
—
|
—
|
| Active
|
*sъpavъ
|
*sъpę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*sъpaxъ |
*sъpa |
*sъpa
|
*sъpľǫ |
*sъpiši |
*sъpitь
|
| Dual
|
*sъpaxově |
*sъpasta |
*sъpaste
|
*sъpivě |
*sъpita |
*sъpite
|
| Plural
|
*sъpaxomъ |
*sъpaste |
*sъpašę
|
*sъpimъ |
*sъpite |
*sъpętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*sъpaaxъ |
*sъpaaše |
*sъpaaše
|
— |
*sъpi |
*sъpi
|
| Dual
|
*sъpaaxově |
*sъpaašeta |
*sъpaašete
|
*sъpivě |
*sъpita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*sъpaaxomъ |
*sъpaašete |
*sъpaaxǫ
|
*sъpimъ |
*sъpite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*sъpati, *sъpa, *sъpitь (
impf.,
intr., -a/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *sъpanьje
|
*sъpati
|
*sъpatъ
|
*sъpalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
—
|
—
|
| Active
|
*sъpavъ
|
*sъpę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*sъpaxъ |
*sъpa |
*sъpa
|
*sъpľǫ |
*sъpiši |
*sъpitь
|
| Dual
|
*sъpaxově |
*sъpasta |
*sъpaste
|
*sъpivě |
*sъpita |
*sъpite
|
| Plural
|
*sъpaxomъ |
*sъpaste |
*sъpašę
|
*sъpimъ |
*sъpite |
*sъpętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*sъpaaxъ |
*sъpaaše |
*sъpaaše
|
— |
*sъpi |
*sъpi
|
| Dual
|
*sъpaaxově |
*sъpaašeta |
*sъpaašete
|
*sъpivě |
*sъpita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*sъpaaxomъ |
*sъpaašete |
*sъpaaxǫ
|
*sъpimъ |
*sъpite |
—
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: съпати (sŭpati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: съпати (sŭpati)
- Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱂⰰⱅⰻ (sŭpati)
- Bulgarian: спя (spja)
- Macedonian: спие (spie)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: спа̏ти
- Latin script: spȁti
- Slovene: spáti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: spáti
- Old Polish: spać
- Slovak: spať
- Polabian: såpăt, såpot
- Pomeranian:
- Sorbian:
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “спать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 192
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “спать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъpati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481
- ^ Kapović, Mate (2007) “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[1], University of Vienna, page 6: “*sъpa̋ti”